PMID- 28317095
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20171004
LR  - 20171004
IS  - 1399-6576 (Electronic)
IS  - 0001-5172 (Linking)
VI  - 61
IP  - 5
DP  - 2017 May
TI  - Evaluating helicopter emergency medical missions: a reliability study of the HEMS 
      benefit and NACA scores.
PG  - 557-565
LID - 10.1111/aas.12881 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: The benefits of the Helicopter Emergency Medical Service (HEMS) and 
      dispatch accuracy are continuously debated, and a widely accepted score to 
      measure the benefits of the mission is lacking. The HEMS Benefit Score (HBS) has 
      been used in Finnish helicopter emergency medical services, but studies are 
      lacking. The National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) score is widely 
      used to measure the severity of illness or injury in the pre-hospital setting, 
      but it has many critics due to its subjectivity. We investigated the inter-rater 
      and rater-against-reference reliability of these scores. METHODS: Twenty-five 
      fictional HEMS missions were created by an expert panel. A total of 22 
      pre-hospital physicians were recruited to participate in the study from two 
      different HEMS bases. The participants received written instructions on the use 
      of the scores. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and mean differences 
      between rater-against-reference values were calculated. RESULTS: A total of 17 
      physicians participated in the study. The ICC was 0.70 (95% CI 0.57-0.83) for the 
      HBS and 0.65 (95% CI 0.51-0.79) for the NACA score. Mean differences between 
      references and raters were -0.09 (SD 0.72) for the HBS and 0.28 (SD 0.61) for the 
      NACA score, indicating that raters scored some lower NACA values than reference 
      values formed by an expert panel. CONCLUSION: The HBS and NACA score had 
      substantial inter-rater reliability. In addition, the rater-against-reference 
      values were acceptable, though large differences were observed between individual 
      raters and references in some clinical cases.
CI  - (c) 2017 The Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica Foundation. Published by John 
      Wiley & Sons Ltd.
FAU - Raatiniemi, L
AU  - Raatiniemi L
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5537-9749
AD  - Centre for Pre-Hospital Emergency Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, 
      Finland.
AD  - Medical Research Center, Research Group of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Intensive 
      Care, Oulu University, Oulu, Finland.
FAU - Liisanantti, J
AU  - Liisanantti J
AD  - Medical Research Center, Research Group of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Intensive 
      Care, Oulu University, Oulu, Finland.
AD  - Oulu University Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Intensive 
      Care Medicine, Oulu, Finland.
FAU - Tommila, M
AU  - Tommila M
AD  - Emergency Medical Services, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, 
      Turku, Finland.
FAU - Moilanen, S
AU  - Moilanen S
AD  - Faculty of Medicine, Oulu University, Oulu, Finland.
FAU - Ohtonen, P
AU  - Ohtonen P
AD  - Division of Operative Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
FAU - Martikainen, M
AU  - Martikainen M
AD  - Centre for Pre-Hospital Emergency Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, 
      Finland.
AD  - Medical Research Center, Research Group of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Intensive 
      Care, Oulu University, Oulu, Finland.
FAU - Voipio, V
AU  - Voipio V
AD  - Centre for Pre-Hospital Emergency Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, 
      Finland.
FAU - Reitala, J
AU  - Reitala J
AD  - Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Helsinki 
      and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
FAU - Iirola, T
AU  - Iirola T
AD  - Emergency Medical Services, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, 
      Turku, Finland.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20170319
PL  - England
TA  - Acta Anaesthesiol Scand
JT  - Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica
JID - 0370270
SB  - IM
MH  - *Advisory Committees
MH  - Air Ambulances/*statistics & numerical data
MH  - Emergency Medical Services/*methods/*statistics & numerical data
MH  - Finland
MH  - Humans
MH  - Reproducibility of Results
MH  - Severity of Illness Index
EDAT- 2017/03/21 06:00
MHDA- 2017/10/05 06:00
CRDT- 2017/03/21 06:00
PHST- 2017/01/11 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2017/02/20 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2017/02/21 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2017/03/21 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/10/05 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2017/03/21 06:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1111/aas.12881 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2017 May;61(5):557-565. doi: 10.1111/aas.12881. Epub 
      2017 Mar 19.