PMID- 28330936
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20180814
LR  - 20181113
IS  - 1532-2548 (Electronic)
IS  - 0032-0889 (Print)
IS  - 0032-0889 (Linking)
VI  - 174
IP  - 1
DP  - 2017 May
TI  - Biochemical Principles and Functional Aspects of Pipecolic Acid Biosynthesis in 
      Plant Immunity.
PG  - 124-153
LID - 10.1104/pp.17.00222 [doi]
AB  - The nonprotein amino acid pipecolic acid (Pip) regulates plant systemic acquired 
      resistance and basal immunity to bacterial pathogen infection. In Arabidopsis 
      (Arabidopsis thaliana), the lysine (Lys) aminotransferase AGD2-LIKE DEFENSE 
      RESPONSE PROTEIN1 (ALD1) mediates the pathogen-induced accumulation of Pip in 
      inoculated and distal leaf tissue. Here, we show that ALD1 transfers the alpha-amino 
      group of l-Lys to acceptor oxoacids. Combined mass spectrometric and infrared 
      spectroscopic analyses of in vitro assays and plant extracts indicate that the 
      final product of the ALD1-catalyzed reaction is enaminic 2,3-dehydropipecolic 
      acid (DP), whose formation involves consecutive transamination, cyclization, and 
      isomerization steps. Besides l-Lys, recombinant ALD1 transaminates l-methionine, 
      l-leucine, diaminopimelate, and several other amino acids to generate oxoacids or 
      derived products in vitro. However, detailed in planta analyses suggest that the 
      biosynthesis of 2,3-DP from l-Lys is the major in vivo function of ALD1. Since 
      ald1 mutant plants are able to convert exogenous 2,3-DP into Pip, their Pip 
      deficiency relies on the inability to form the 2,3-DP intermediate. The 
      Arabidopsis reductase ornithine cyclodeaminase/mu-crystallin, alias SYSTEMIC 
      ACQUIRED RESISTANCE-DEFICIENT4 (SARD4), converts ALD1-generated 2,3-DP into Pip 
      in vitro. SARD4 significantly contributes to the production of Pip in 
      pathogen-inoculated leaves but is not the exclusive reducing enzyme involved in 
      Pip biosynthesis. Functional SARD4 is required for proper basal immunity to the 
      bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae Although SARD4 knockout plants show 
      greatly reduced accumulation of Pip in leaves distal to P. syringae inoculation, 
      they display a considerable systemic acquired resistance response. This suggests 
      a triggering function of locally accumulating Pip for systemic resistance 
      induction.
CI  - (c) 2017 American Society of Plant Biologists. All Rights Reserved.
FAU - Hartmann, Michael
AU  - Hartmann M
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4828-958X
AD  - Institute for Molecular Ecophysiology of Plants (M.H., D.K., F.B., Z.A.-R., N.S., 
      S.Schr., T.Z., S.Schu., V.R.-D., J.Z.) and Cluster of Excellence on Plant 
      Sciences (Z.A.-R., S.Schu., J.Z.), Heinrich Heine University, D-40225 
      Duesseldorf, Germany.
FAU - Kim, Denis
AU  - Kim D
AD  - Institute for Molecular Ecophysiology of Plants (M.H., D.K., F.B., Z.A.-R., N.S., 
      S.Schr., T.Z., S.Schu., V.R.-D., J.Z.) and Cluster of Excellence on Plant 
      Sciences (Z.A.-R., S.Schu., J.Z.), Heinrich Heine University, D-40225 
      Duesseldorf, Germany.
FAU - Bernsdorff, Friederike
AU  - Bernsdorff F
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3457-2034
AD  - Institute for Molecular Ecophysiology of Plants (M.H., D.K., F.B., Z.A.-R., N.S., 
      S.Schr., T.Z., S.Schu., V.R.-D., J.Z.) and Cluster of Excellence on Plant 
      Sciences (Z.A.-R., S.Schu., J.Z.), Heinrich Heine University, D-40225 
      Duesseldorf, Germany.
FAU - Ajami-Rashidi, Ziba
AU  - Ajami-Rashidi Z
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4884-8302
AD  - Institute for Molecular Ecophysiology of Plants (M.H., D.K., F.B., Z.A.-R., N.S., 
      S.Schr., T.Z., S.Schu., V.R.-D., J.Z.) and Cluster of Excellence on Plant 
      Sciences (Z.A.-R., S.Schu., J.Z.), Heinrich Heine University, D-40225 
      Duesseldorf, Germany.
FAU - Scholten, Nicola
AU  - Scholten N
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9532-8687
AD  - Institute for Molecular Ecophysiology of Plants (M.H., D.K., F.B., Z.A.-R., N.S., 
      S.Schr., T.Z., S.Schu., V.R.-D., J.Z.) and Cluster of Excellence on Plant 
      Sciences (Z.A.-R., S.Schu., J.Z.), Heinrich Heine University, D-40225 
      Duesseldorf, Germany.
FAU - Schreiber, Stefan
AU  - Schreiber S
AD  - Institute for Molecular Ecophysiology of Plants (M.H., D.K., F.B., Z.A.-R., N.S., 
      S.Schr., T.Z., S.Schu., V.R.-D., J.Z.) and Cluster of Excellence on Plant 
      Sciences (Z.A.-R., S.Schu., J.Z.), Heinrich Heine University, D-40225 
      Duesseldorf, Germany.
FAU - Zeier, Tatyana
AU  - Zeier T
AD  - Institute for Molecular Ecophysiology of Plants (M.H., D.K., F.B., Z.A.-R., N.S., 
      S.Schr., T.Z., S.Schu., V.R.-D., J.Z.) and Cluster of Excellence on Plant 
      Sciences (Z.A.-R., S.Schu., J.Z.), Heinrich Heine University, D-40225 
      Duesseldorf, Germany.
FAU - Schuck, Stefan
AU  - Schuck S
AD  - Institute for Molecular Ecophysiology of Plants (M.H., D.K., F.B., Z.A.-R., N.S., 
      S.Schr., T.Z., S.Schu., V.R.-D., J.Z.) and Cluster of Excellence on Plant 
      Sciences (Z.A.-R., S.Schu., J.Z.), Heinrich Heine University, D-40225 
      Duesseldorf, Germany.
FAU - Reichel-Deland, Vanessa
AU  - Reichel-Deland V
AD  - Institute for Molecular Ecophysiology of Plants (M.H., D.K., F.B., Z.A.-R., N.S., 
      S.Schr., T.Z., S.Schu., V.R.-D., J.Z.) and Cluster of Excellence on Plant 
      Sciences (Z.A.-R., S.Schu., J.Z.), Heinrich Heine University, D-40225 
      Duesseldorf, Germany.
FAU - Zeier, Jurgen
AU  - Zeier J
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8703-5403
AD  - Institute for Molecular Ecophysiology of Plants (M.H., D.K., F.B., Z.A.-R., N.S., 
      S.Schr., T.Z., S.Schu., V.R.-D., J.Z.) and Cluster of Excellence on Plant 
      Sciences (Z.A.-R., S.Schu., J.Z.), Heinrich Heine University, D-40225 
      Duesseldorf, Germany juergen.zeier@uni-duesseldorf.de.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20170322
PL  - United States
TA  - Plant Physiol
JT  - Plant physiology
JID - 0401224
RN  - 0 (Arabidopsis Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Keto Acids)
RN  - 0 (Pipecolic Acids)
RN  - AE28F7PNPL (Methionine)
RN  - EC 2.6.1.- (AGD2-LIKE DEFENSE RESPONSE PROTEIN1, Arabidopsis)
RN  - EC 2.6.1.- (Transaminases)
RN  - GMW67QNF9C (Leucine)
RN  - K3Z4F929H6 (Lysine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Arabidopsis/genetics/*immunology/microbiology
MH  - Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics/immunology/metabolism
MH  - Host-Pathogen Interactions/immunology
MH  - Keto Acids/immunology/metabolism
MH  - Leucine/immunology/metabolism
MH  - Lysine/immunology/metabolism
MH  - Methionine/immunology/metabolism
MH  - Pipecolic Acids/*immunology/metabolism
MH  - Plant Diseases/genetics/*immunology/microbiology
MH  - *Plant Immunity
MH  - Pseudomonas syringae/*immunology/physiology
MH  - Transaminases/genetics/immunology/metabolism
PMC - PMC5411157
EDAT- 2017/03/24 06:00
MHDA- 2018/08/15 06:00
PMCR- 2017/03/22
CRDT- 2017/03/24 06:00
PHST- 2017/02/13 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2017/03/21 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2017/03/24 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/08/15 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2017/03/24 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2017/03/22 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - pp.17.00222 [pii]
AID - PP2017RA00222R1 [pii]
AID - 10.1104/pp.17.00222 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Plant Physiol. 2017 May;174(1):124-153. doi: 10.1104/pp.17.00222. Epub 2017 Mar 
      22.