PMID- 28335457
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20191120
IS  - 2073-4425 (Print)
IS  - 2073-4425 (Electronic)
IS  - 2073-4425 (Linking)
VI  - 8
IP  - 3
DP  - 2017 Mar 18
TI  - The Epigenetic Link between Prenatal Adverse Environments and Neurodevelopmental 
      Disorders.
LID - 10.3390/genes8030104 [doi]
LID - 104
AB  - Prenatal adverse environments, such as maternal stress, toxicological exposures, 
      and viral infections, can disrupt normal brain development and contribute to 
      neurodevelopmental disorders, including schizophrenia, depression, and autism. 
      Increasing evidence shows that these short- and long-term effects of prenatal 
      exposures on brain structure and function are mediated by epigenetic mechanisms. 
      Animal studies demonstrate that prenatal exposure to stress, toxins, viral 
      mimetics, and drugs induces lasting epigenetic changes in the brain, including 
      genes encoding glucocorticoid receptor (Nr3c1) and brain-derived neurotrophic 
      factor (Bdnf). These epigenetic changes have been linked to changes in brain gene 
      expression, stress reactivity, and behavior, and often times, these effects are 
      shown to be dependent on the gestational window of exposure, sex, and exposure 
      level. Although evidence from human studies is more limited, gestational exposure 
      to environmental risks in humans is associated with epigenetic changes in 
      peripheral tissues, and future studies are required to understand whether we can 
      use peripheral biomarkers to predict neurobehavioral outcomes. An extensive 
      research effort combining well-designed human and animal studies, with 
      comprehensive epigenomic analyses of peripheral and brain tissues over time, will 
      be necessary to improve our understanding of the epigenetic basis of 
      neurodevelopmental disorders.
FAU - Kundakovic, Marija
AU  - Kundakovic M
AD  - Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, 441 E. Fordham Road, 
      Bronx, NY 10458, USA. mkundakovic@fordham.edu.
FAU - Jaric, Ivana
AU  - Jaric I
AD  - Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, 441 E. Fordham Road, 
      Bronx, NY 10458, USA. ijaric@fordham.edu.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20170318
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Genes (Basel)
JT  - Genes
JID - 101551097
PMC - PMC5368708
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - DNA methylation
OT  - depression
OT  - developmental programming
OT  - early life exposures
OT  - epigenetic
OT  - neurodevelopmental disorders
OT  - prenatal environment
OT  - schizophrenia
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2017/03/25 06:00
MHDA- 2017/03/25 06:01
PMCR- 2017/03/01
CRDT- 2017/03/25 06:00
PHST- 2017/01/24 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2017/03/08 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2017/03/12 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2017/03/25 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2017/03/25 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/03/25 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2017/03/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - genes8030104 [pii]
AID - genes-08-00104 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/genes8030104 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Genes (Basel). 2017 Mar 18;8(3):104. doi: 10.3390/genes8030104.