PMID- 28360145
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20181211
LR  - 20220409
IS  - 1468-3318 (Electronic)
IS  - 0964-4563 (Print)
IS  - 0964-4563 (Linking)
VI  - 27
IP  - 2
DP  - 2018 Mar
TI  - Preliminary evidence that high levels of nicotine on children's hands may 
      contribute to overall tobacco smoke exposure.
PG  - 217-219
LID - 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2016-053602 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Dust and surfaces are important sources of lead and pesticide 
      exposure in young children. The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate if 
      third-hand smoke (THS) pollutants accumulate on the hands of children who live in 
      environments where tobacco is used and if hand nicotine levels are associated 
      with second-hand smoke (SHS), as measured by salivary cotinine. METHODS: 
      Participants were parents and children (n=25; age mean (SD)=5.4 (5.3) years) 
      presenting to the emergency department with a potentially SHS-related illness. A 
      convenience sample of participants were recruited at baseline from an ongoing 
      two-group, randomised controlled trial of a SHS reduction and tobacco cessation 
      intervention. Parents were current smokers; thus, all children were at risk of 
      SHS and THS exposure to varying extents. Primary outcome measures, which were 
      assessed in child participants only, were hand nicotine and salivary cotinine. 
      Parents reported sociodemographics and smoking patterns; children's medical 
      records were abstracted for chief complaint, medical history and discharge 
      diagnosis. RESULTS: All children had detectable hand nicotine 
      (range=18.3-690.9 ng/wipe). All but one had detectable cotinine 
      (range=1.2-28.8 ng/mL). Multiple linear regression results showed a significant 
      positive association between hand nicotine and cotinine (p=0.009; semipartial 
      r(2)=0.24), independent of child age. DISCUSSION: The higher-than-expected 
      nicotine levels and significant association with cotinine indicate that THS may 
      play a role in the overall exposure of young children to tobacco smoke toxicants 
      and that hand wipes could be a useful marker of overall tobacco smoke pollution 
      and a proxy for exposure. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ClinicalTrials.gov 
      Identifier: NCT02531594.
CI  - (c) Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of 
      the article) 2018. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless 
      otherwise expressly granted.
FAU - Mahabee-Gittens, E Melinda
AU  - Mahabee-Gittens EM
AD  - Division of Emergency Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 
      Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
FAU - Merianos, Ashley L
AU  - Merianos AL
AD  - School of Human Services, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
FAU - Matt, Georg E
AU  - Matt GE
AD  - Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA.
LA  - eng
SI  - ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT02531594
GR  - R01 HD083354/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
GR  - UL1 TR001425/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
DEP - 20170330
PL  - England
TA  - Tob Control
JT  - Tobacco control
JID - 9209612
RN  - 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution)
RN  - 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine)
RN  - K5161X06LL (Cotinine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Child
MH  - Child, Preschool
MH  - Cotinine/metabolism
MH  - Female
MH  - *Hand
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Nicotine/*analysis
MH  - Pilot Projects
MH  - Saliva/metabolism
MH  - Tobacco Smoke Pollution/*analysis
PMC - PMC5623162
MID - NIHMS871649
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Cotinine
OT  - Nicotine
OT  - Prevention
OT  - Second-hand smoke
COIS- Competing interests: None declared.
EDAT- 2017/04/01 06:00
MHDA- 2018/12/12 06:00
PMCR- 2018/03/01
CRDT- 2017/04/01 06:00
PHST- 2016/12/20 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2017/03/01 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2017/03/13 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2017/04/01 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/12/12 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2017/04/01 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2018/03/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - tobaccocontrol-2016-053602 [pii]
AID - 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2016-053602 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Tob Control. 2018 Mar;27(2):217-219. doi: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2016-053602. 
      Epub 2017 Mar 30.