PMID- 28362522
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20170619
LR  - 20201229
IS  - 1748-880X (Electronic)
IS  - 0007-1285 (Print)
IS  - 0007-1285 (Linking)
VI  - 90
IP  - 1074
DP  - 2017 Jun
TI  - Multiple sclerosis update: use of MRI for early diagnosis, disease monitoring and 
      assessment of treatment related complications.
PG  - 20160721
LID - 10.1259/bjr.20160721 [doi]
LID - 20160721
AB  - MRI has long been established as the most sensitive in vivo technique for 
      detecting multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions. The 2010 revisions of the McDonald 
      Criteria have simplified imaging criteria, such that a diagnosis of MS can be 
      made on a single contrast-enhanced MRI scan in the appropriate clinical context. 
      New disease-modifying therapies have proven effective in reducing relapse rate 
      and severity. Several of these therapies, most particularly natalizumab, but also 
      dimethyl fumarate and fingolimod, have been associated with progressive 
      multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). PML-immune reconstitution inflammatory 
      syndrome (IRIS) has been recognized in patients following cessation of 
      natalizumab owing to PML, and discontinuation for other reasons can lead to the 
      phenomenon of rebound MS. These complications often provide a diagnostic dilemma 
      and have implications for imaging surveillance of patients. We demonstrate how 
      the updated McDonald Criteria aid the diagnosis of MS and describe the imaging 
      characteristics of conditions such as PML and PML-IRIS in the context of MS. 
      Potential imaging surveillance protocols are considered for the diagnosis and 
      assessment of complications. We will explain how changes in MS treatment are 
      leading to new imaging demands in order to monitor patients for disease 
      progression and treatment-related complications.
FAU - Igra, Mark S
AU  - Igra MS
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4256-2178
AD  - 1 Department of Neuroradiology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK.
FAU - Paling, David
AU  - Paling D
AD  - 2 Department of Clinical Neurology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK.
FAU - Wattjes, Mike P
AU  - Wattjes MP
AD  - 3 Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, 
      Amsterdam, Netherlands.
FAU - Connolly, Daniel J A
AU  - Connolly DJA
AD  - 1 Department of Neuroradiology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK.
FAU - Hoggard, Nigel
AU  - Hoggard N
AD  - 4 Academic Unit of Radiology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20170426
PL  - England
TA  - Br J Radiol
JT  - The British journal of radiology
JID - 0373125
RN  - 0 (Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized)
RN  - 0 (Contrast Media)
RN  - 0 (Natalizumab)
SB  - IM
MH  - Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/*adverse effects/therapeutic use
MH  - Contrast Media
MH  - Early Diagnosis
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome/chemically induced/*diagnosis
MH  - Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal/chemically induced/*diagnosis
MH  - Magnetic Resonance Imaging/*methods
MH  - Multiple Sclerosis/*diagnosis/*drug therapy
MH  - Natalizumab/*adverse effects/therapeutic use
PMC - PMC5602172
EDAT- 2017/04/01 06:00
MHDA- 2017/06/20 06:00
PMCR- 2018/06/01
CRDT- 2017/04/01 06:00
PHST- 2017/04/01 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/06/20 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2017/04/01 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2018/06/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1259/bjr.20160721 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Br J Radiol. 2017 Jun;90(1074):20160721. doi: 10.1259/bjr.20160721. Epub 2017 Apr 
      26.