PMID- 28362800
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20170828
LR  - 20210312
IS  - 1932-6203 (Electronic)
IS  - 1932-6203 (Linking)
VI  - 12
IP  - 3
DP  - 2017
TI  - An in vitro model of intestinal infection reveals a developmentally regulated 
      transcriptome of Toxoplasma sporozoites and a NF-kappaB-like signature in infected 
      host cells.
PG  - e0173018
LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0173018 [doi]
LID - e0173018
AB  - Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic infection affecting approximately 30% of the world's 
      human population. After sexual reproduction in the definitive feline host, 
      Toxoplasma oocysts, each containing 8 sporozoites, are shed into the environment 
      where they can go on to infect humans and other warm-blooded intermediate hosts. 
      Here, we use an in vitro model to assess host transcriptomic changes that occur 
      in the earliest stages of such infections. We show that infection of rat 
      intestinal epithelial cells with mature sporozoites primarily results in higher 
      expression of genes associated with Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNFalpha) signaling 
      via NF-kappaB. Furthermore, we find that, consistent with their biology, these 
      mature, invaded sporozoites display a transcriptome intermediate between the 
      previously reported day 10 oocysts and that of their tachyzoite counterparts. 
      Thus, this study uncovers novel host and pathogen factors that may be critical 
      for the establishment of a successful intracellular niche following 
      sporozoite-initiated infection.
FAU - Guiton, Pascale S
AU  - Guiton PS
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8186-3515
AD  - Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of 
      Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America.
FAU - Sagawa, Janelle M
AU  - Sagawa JM
AD  - Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, 
      Pullman, Washington, United States of America.
FAU - Fritz, Heather M
AU  - Fritz HM
AD  - Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, 
      Pullman, Washington, United States of America.
FAU - Boothroyd, John C
AU  - Boothroyd JC
AD  - Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of 
      Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America.
LA  - eng
GR  - K12 GM088033/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 AI021423/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 AI073756/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20170331
PL  - United States
TA  - PLoS One
JT  - PloS one
JID - 101285081
RN  - 0 (NF-kappa B)
RN  - 0 (Protozoan Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Cell Line
MH  - Humans
MH  - Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism
MH  - NF-kappa B/*metabolism
MH  - Protozoan Proteins/metabolism
MH  - Rats
MH  - Sporozoites/*metabolism
MH  - Toxoplasma/*genetics
MH  - Toxoplasmosis/metabolism
MH  - Transcriptome/genetics
MH  - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
PMC - PMC5376300
COIS- Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2017/04/01 06:00
MHDA- 2017/08/29 06:00
PMCR- 2017/03/31
CRDT- 2017/04/01 06:00
PHST- 2016/12/22 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2017/02/12 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2017/04/01 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2017/04/01 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/08/29 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2017/03/31 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - PONE-D-16-50699 [pii]
AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0173018 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - PLoS One. 2017 Mar 31;12(3):e0173018. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173018. 
      eCollection 2017.