PMID- 28364522 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20171222 LR - 20180807 IS - 1460-2407 (Electronic) IS - 1360-9947 (Linking) VI - 23 IP - 3 DP - 2017 Mar 1 TI - Spindlin 1 is essential for metaphase II stage maintenance and chromosomal stability in porcine oocytes. PG - 166-176 LID - 10.1093/molehr/gax005 [doi] AB - STUDY QUESTION: What is the function of Spindlin 1 (Spin1) in metaphase II stage oocytes in pigs? SUMMARY ANSWER: Depletion of Spin1 induces spontaneous oocyte activation and overexpression of Spin1 causes multinuclear formation through induction of DNA damage in porcine oocytes. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: Little is known about the function of Spin1 in oocytes and embryos. In mouse oocytes, Spin1 is specifically expressed during gametogenesis and is essential for meiotic resumption. In somatic cells, Spin1 promotes cancer cell proliferation and activates WNT/T-cell factor signaling. STUDY DESIGN SIZE, DURATION: After knockdown (KD) or overexpression of Spin1 in porcine MII-stage oocytes, MII maintenance was checked following additional culture for 24 h. Investigated parthenotes were cultured up to the four cell (72 h) or blastocyst (7 days) stages. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS: Spin1 was knocked down in porcine oocytes and embryos via microinjection of pig Spin1-targeting siRNA. For Spin1 overexpression, porcine Spin1-eGFP cRNA was generated. Additionally, for rescue experiments, cRNA encoding siRNA-resistant mouse Spin1 was added to the pig Spin1-targeting siRNA. For the overexpression and rescue experiments, microinjection and culture were performed using the same methods as the KD experiments. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: KD of Spin1 in MII-stage porcine oocytes reduced metaphase-promoting factor and mitogen-activated protein kinase activities, resulting in spontaneous pronuclear formation without calcium activation. However, the DNA damage response was triggered by Spin1 overexpression, generating the checkpoint protein gammaH2A.X. Furthermore, Spin1 overexpression blocked metaphase-anaphase transition and led to multinucleation in oocytes and embryos. LARGE SCALE DATA: None. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION: This study is based on in vitro investigations with abnormal expression levels of Spin1. This may or may not accurately reflect the situation in vivo. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS: Spin1 is essential to maintain MII arrest, but a high level of Spin1 induces DNA damage in oocytes and embryos. Thus, a system to accurately regulate Spin1 expression operates in porcine MII-stage oocytes and embryos. STUDY FUNDING AND COMPETING INTEREST(S): This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (No. 2015R1D1A1A01057629). The authors declare no competing financial interests. CI - (c) The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com FAU - Choi, Jeong-Woo AU - Choi JW AD - Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea. FAU - Zhao, Ming-Hui AU - Zhao MH AD - Division of Animal Biotechnology, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 55536, Republic of Korea. FAU - Liang, Shuang AU - Liang S AD - Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea. FAU - Guo, Jing AU - Guo J AD - Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea. FAU - Lin, Zi-Li AU - Lin ZL AD - Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea. FAU - Li, Ying-Hua AU - Li YH AD - Department of Animal Science, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin 133000, P.R. China. FAU - Jo, Yu-Jin AU - Jo YJ AD - Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea. FAU - Kim, Nam-Hyung AU - Kim NH AD - Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea. FAU - Cui, Xiang-Shun AU - Cui XS AD - Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - England TA - Mol Hum Reprod JT - Molecular human reproduction JID - 9513710 RN - 0 (Cell Cycle Proteins) RN - 0 (Histones) RN - 0 (Microtubule-Associated Proteins) RN - 0 (Phosphoproteins) RN - 0 (RNA, Small Interfering) RN - 0 (spindlin) RN - 147336-22-9 (Green Fluorescent Proteins) RN - EC 2.7.11.24 (Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases) RN - SY7Q814VUP (Calcium) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Blastocyst/cytology/*metabolism MH - Calcium/metabolism MH - Cell Cycle Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/*genetics/metabolism MH - Chromosomal Instability MH - DNA Damage MH - Embryo, Mammalian MH - Female MH - *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental MH - Genes, Reporter MH - Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics/metabolism MH - Histones/genetics/metabolism MH - Humans MH - *Metaphase MH - Mice MH - Microtubule-Associated Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/*genetics/metabolism MH - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/genetics/metabolism MH - Oocytes/cytology/growth & development/*metabolism MH - Phosphoproteins/antagonists & inhibitors/*genetics/metabolism MH - RNA, Small Interfering/genetics/metabolism MH - Signal Transduction MH - Swine OTO - NOTNLM OT - DNA damage OT - Spindlin 1 OT - metaphase II stage maintenance OT - multinuclear formation OT - oocyte EDAT- 2017/04/02 06:00 MHDA- 2017/12/23 06:00 CRDT- 2017/04/02 06:00 PHST- 2016/09/23 00:00 [received] PHST- 2017/01/27 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2017/04/02 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2017/04/02 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2017/12/23 06:00 [medline] AID - 3054822 [pii] AID - 10.1093/molehr/gax005 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Mol Hum Reprod. 2017 Mar 1;23(3):166-176. doi: 10.1093/molehr/gax005.