PMID- 28365864
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20180713
LR  - 20181113
IS  - 1720-8386 (Electronic)
IS  - 0391-4097 (Print)
IS  - 0391-4097 (Linking)
VI  - 40
IP  - 9
DP  - 2017 Sep
TI  - Long-term blood glucose monitoring with implanted telemetry device in conscious 
      and stress-free cynomolgus monkeys.
PG  - 967-977
LID - 10.1007/s40618-017-0651-9 [doi]
AB  - AIMS: Continuous blood glucose monitoring, especially long-term and remote, in 
      diabetic patients or research is very challenging. Nonhuman primate (NHP) is an 
      excellent model for metabolic research, because NHPs can naturally develop Type 2 
      diabetes mellitus (T2DM) similarly to humans. This study was to investigate blood 
      glucose changes in conscious, moving-free cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca 
      fascicularis) during circadian, meal, stress and drug exposure. MATERIALS AND 
      METHODS: Blood glucose, body temperature and physical activities were 
      continuously and simultaneously recorded by implanted HD-XG telemetry device for 
      up to 10 weeks. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Blood glucose circadian changes in 
      normoglycemic monkeys significantly differed from that in diabetic animals. 
      Postprandial glucose increase was more obvious after afternoon feeding. Moving a 
      monkey from its housing cage to monkey chair increased blood glucose by 30% in 
      both normoglycemic and diabetic monkeys. Such increase in blood glucose declined 
      to the pre-procedure level in 30 min in normoglycemic animals and >2 h in 
      diabetic monkeys. Oral gavage procedure alone caused hyperglycemia in both 
      normoglycemic and diabetic monkeys. Intravenous injection with the stress 
      hormones, angiotensin II (2 mug/kg) or norepinephrine (0.4 mug/kg), also increased 
      blood glucose level by 30%. The glucose levels measured by the telemetry system 
      correlated significantly well with glucometer readings during glucose tolerance 
      tests (ivGTT or oGTT), insulin tolerance test (ITT), graded glucose infusion 
      (GGI) and clamp. CONCLUSION: Our data demonstrate that the real-time telemetry 
      method is reliable for monitoring blood glucose remotely and continuously in 
      conscious, stress-free, and moving-free NHPs with the advantages highly valuable 
      to diabetes research and drug discovery.
FAU - Wang, B
AU  - Wang B
AD  - Crown Bioscience, Inc., Taicang, Jiangsu Province, The People's Republic of 
      China.
FAU - Sun, G
AU  - Sun G
AD  - Crown Bioscience, Inc., Taicang, Jiangsu Province, The People's Republic of 
      China.
FAU - Qiao, W
AU  - Qiao W
AD  - Crown Bioscience, Inc., Taicang, Jiangsu Province, The People's Republic of 
      China.
FAU - Liu, Y
AU  - Liu Y
AD  - Crown Bioscience, Inc., Taicang, Jiangsu Province, The People's Republic of 
      China.
FAU - Qiao, J
AU  - Qiao J
AD  - Crown Bioscience, Inc., Taicang, Jiangsu Province, The People's Republic of 
      China.
FAU - Ye, W
AU  - Ye W
AD  - Crown Bioscience, Inc., Taicang, Jiangsu Province, The People's Republic of 
      China.
FAU - Wang, H
AU  - Wang H
AD  - Crown Bioscience, Inc., Taicang, Jiangsu Province, The People's Republic of 
      China.
FAU - Wang, X
AU  - Wang X
AD  - Crown Bioscience, Inc., Taicang, Jiangsu Province, The People's Republic of 
      China.
FAU - Lindquist, R
AU  - Lindquist R
AD  - Data Sciences International, St. Paul, MN, USA.
FAU - Wang, Y
AU  - Wang Y
AD  - Crown Bioscience, Inc., Taicang, Jiangsu Province, The People's Republic of 
      China.
FAU - Xiao, Y-F
AU  - Xiao YF
AD  - Crown Bioscience, Inc., Taicang, Jiangsu Province, The People's Republic of 
      China. xiaoyongfu@crownbio.com.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20170401
PL  - Italy
TA  - J Endocrinol Invest
JT  - Journal of endocrinological investigation
JID - 7806594
RN  - 0 (Blood Glucose)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Blood Glucose/*metabolism
MH  - Body Temperature/physiology
MH  - Consciousness/*physiology
MH  - Female
MH  - Glucose Tolerance Test/instrumentation/methods/trends
MH  - Locomotion/*physiology
MH  - Macaca fascicularis
MH  - Male
MH  - Telemetry/instrumentation/methods/*trends
MH  - Time Factors
PMC - PMC5559582
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Continuous glucose monitoring
OT  - Diabetes
OT  - Glucose circadian
OT  - Implantable telemetry device
OT  - Nonhuman primate
COIS- CONFLICT OF INTEREST: All of the authors are employee of Crown Bioscience Inc., 
      except R Lindquist who is employee of Data Sciences International, St. Paul, MN, 
      USA. The authors declare no conflict of interest in this study. ETHICAL APPROVAL: 
      The study protocol and experimental procedures for using the animals were 
      approved by the IACUC of Crown Bioscience Inc., which includes members from 
      outside of the company. The approval number is AN-1308-016-19. INFORMED CONSENT: 
      For this type of study formal consent is not required.
EDAT- 2017/04/04 06:00
MHDA- 2018/07/14 06:00
PMCR- 2017/04/01
CRDT- 2017/04/03 06:00
PHST- 2016/11/11 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2017/03/05 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2017/04/04 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/07/14 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2017/04/03 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2017/04/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1007/s40618-017-0651-9 [pii]
AID - 651 [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s40618-017-0651-9 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Endocrinol Invest. 2017 Sep;40(9):967-977. doi: 10.1007/s40618-017-0651-9. Epub 
      2017 Apr 1.