PMID- 28368778
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20171023
LR  - 20221207
IS  - 1532-4117 (Electronic)
IS  - 1093-4529 (Linking)
VI  - 52
IP  - 8
DP  - 2017 Jul 3
TI  - Monitoring the fate and behavior of TiO(2) nanoparticles: Simulated in a WWTP 
      with industrial dye-stuff effluent according to OECD 303A.
PG  - 794-803
LID - 10.1080/10934529.2017.1305176 [doi]
AB  - The use of nanoparticles (NPs) in several consumer products has led to them 
      finding their way into wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Some of these NPs 
      have photocatalytic properties, thus providing a possible solution to textile 
      industries to photodegrade dyes from their wastewater. Thus, the interaction of 
      NPs with industrial dye effluents is inevitable. The Organization for Economic 
      Co-operation and development (OECD) guideline for testing of chemical 303A was 
      employed to study the fate and behaviour of TiO(2) NPs in industrial dye-stuff 
      effluent. This was due to the unavailability of NPs' fate and behaviour test 
      protocols. The effect of TiO(2) NPs on the treatment process was ascertained by 
      measuring chemical oxygen demand (COD) and 5-day biological oxygen demand (BOD5). 
      Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) was used to 
      study the fate and behavior of TiO(2) NPs. Acclimatization of bacteria to target 
      pollutants was a crucial factor for the treatment efficiency of activated sludge 
      in a simulated wastewater treatment plant (SWTP). The acclimatization of the 
      activated sludge to the synthetic industrial dye-stuff effluent was successfully 
      achieved. Effect of TiO(2) NPs on the treatment process efficiency was then 
      investigated. Addition of TiO(2) NPs had no effect on the treatment process as 
      chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal remained >80%. Measured total plate count 
      (TPC) affirmed that the addition of TiO(2) NPs had no effect on the treatment 
      process. The removal of total nitrogen (TN) was not efficient as the treatment 
      system was required to have an oxic and anoxic stage for efficient TN removal. 
      Results from X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) confirmed that the anatase phase of 
      the added TiO(2) NPs remained unchanged even after exposure to the treatment 
      plant. Removal of the NPs from the influent was facilitated by biosorption of the 
      NPs on the activated sludge. Nanoparticles received by wastewater treatment 
      plants will therefore reach the environment through sludge waste dumped in 
      landfill. About 90% of TiO(2) was retained in the activated sludge, and 10-11% 
      escaped with the treated effluents. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) mapping 
      micrographs together with an energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) confirmed 
      the presence of Ti in the sludge.
FAU - Mahlalela, Lwazi C
AU  - Mahlalela LC
AD  - a Department of Applied Chemistry , University of Johannesburg , Doornfontein, 
      Johannesburg , South Africa.
FAU - Ngila, Jane C
AU  - Ngila JC
AD  - a Department of Applied Chemistry , University of Johannesburg , Doornfontein, 
      Johannesburg , South Africa.
FAU - Dlamini, Langelihle N
AU  - Dlamini LN
AD  - a Department of Applied Chemistry , University of Johannesburg , Doornfontein, 
      Johannesburg , South Africa.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20170403
PL  - England
TA  - J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng
JT  - Journal of environmental science and health. Part A, Toxic/hazardous substances & 
      environmental engineering
JID - 9812551
RN  - 0 (Coloring Agents)
RN  - 0 (Sewage)
RN  - 0 (Waste Water)
RN  - 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical)
RN  - 15FIX9V2JP (titanium dioxide)
RN  - D1JT611TNE (Titanium)
RN  - N762921K75 (Nitrogen)
SB  - IM
MH  - Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis
MH  - Coloring Agents/*analysis
MH  - *Models, Theoretical
MH  - Nanoparticles/*chemistry
MH  - Nitrogen/analysis
MH  - Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development
MH  - Sewage/chemistry
MH  - Textile Industry
MH  - Titanium/*chemistry
MH  - Wastewater/chemistry
MH  - Water Pollutants, Chemical/*analysis
MH  - Water Purification/*methods
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Acclimatization
OT  - dye-stuff
OT  - industrial effluent
OT  - nanoparticles
EDAT- 2017/04/04 06:00
MHDA- 2017/10/24 06:00
CRDT- 2017/04/04 06:00
PHST- 2017/04/04 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/10/24 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2017/04/04 06:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1080/10934529.2017.1305176 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng. 2017 Jul 3;52(8):794-803. 
      doi: 10.1080/10934529.2017.1305176. Epub 2017 Apr 3.