PMID- 28380056
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20170905
LR  - 20181113
IS  - 1932-6203 (Electronic)
IS  - 1932-6203 (Linking)
VI  - 12
IP  - 4
DP  - 2017
TI  - Exopolysaccharides extracted from Parachlorella kessleri inhibit colon carcinoma 
      growth in mice via stimulation of host antitumor immune responses.
PG  - e0175064
LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0175064 [doi]
LID - e0175064
AB  - The newly purified extracellular polysaccharides (exopolysaccharides) from 
      Parachlorella kessleri (PCEPS) were evaluated on their antitumor and 
      immunomodulatory effects in cell culture and mouse colon carcinoma peritoneal 
      dissemination model. In two-dimensional cell culture, the PCEPS treatment 
      inhibited cell growth of both murine and human colon carcinoma cells in a dose- 
      and time-dependent manner. In contrast, the growth of mouse splenocytes (SPLs) 
      and bone marrow cells (BMCs) were stimulated by the treatment with PCEPS. The 
      treatment with PCEPS also increased specific subpopulations of the cells in BMCs: 
      antigen presenting cells (CD19+ B cells, 33D1+ dendritic cells and CD68+ 
      macrophage) and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells. In three-dimensional spheroid culture, 
      spheroid growth of CT26 cells co-cultured with HL-60 human neutrophilic 
      promyeloblasts and Jurkat cells (human lymphoblasts), but not THP-1 human 
      monocyte/macrophage was significantly attenuated by PCEPS treatment. In a mouse 
      CT26 colon carcinoma peritoneal dissemination model, intraperitoneal injection of 
      PCEPS (10 mg/kg, twice per week) significantly attenuated the growth of CT26 
      colon carcinoma in syngeneic mice. The present study suggests that PCEPS inhibits 
      colon carcinoma growth via direct cell growth inhibition and a stimulation of the 
      host antitumor immune responses. Taken together, the current study suggests that 
      exopolysaccharides derived from Parachlorella kessleri contain significant 
      bioactive materials that inhibit colon carcinoma growth.
FAU - Ishiguro, Susumu
AU  - Ishiguro S
AD  - Departments of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of 
      Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America.
FAU - Uppalapati, Deepthi
AU  - Uppalapati D
AD  - Departments of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of 
      Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America.
FAU - Goldsmith, Zachary
AU  - Goldsmith Z
AD  - Departments of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of 
      Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America.
FAU - Robertson, Dana
AU  - Robertson D
AD  - Departments of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of 
      Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America.
FAU - Hodge, Jacob
AU  - Hodge J
AD  - Departments of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of 
      Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America.
FAU - Holt, Hayley
AU  - Holt H
AD  - Departments of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of 
      Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America.
FAU - Nakashima, Arashi
AU  - Nakashima A
AD  - Departments of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of 
      Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America.
FAU - Turner, Katie
AU  - Turner K
AD  - Departments of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of 
      Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America.
FAU - Tamura, Masaaki
AU  - Tamura M
AD  - Departments of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of 
      Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20170405
PL  - United States
TA  - PLoS One
JT  - PloS one
JID - 101285081
RN  - 0 (Antineoplastic Agents)
RN  - 0 (Immunologic Factors)
RN  - 0 (Plant Extracts)
RN  - 0 (Polysaccharides)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Antineoplastic Agents/*therapeutic use
MH  - Bone Marrow Cells/drug effects
MH  - Cell Line, Tumor
MH  - Chlorella/*chemistry
MH  - Chlorophyta
MH  - Colonic Neoplasms/*drug therapy
MH  - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immunologic Factors/*therapeutic use
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, Inbred BALB C
MH  - Plant Extracts/*therapeutic use
MH  - Polysaccharides/*therapeutic use
MH  - Spleen/cytology/drug effects
PMC - PMC5381895
COIS- Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2017/04/06 06:00
MHDA- 2017/09/07 06:00
PMCR- 2017/04/05
CRDT- 2017/04/06 06:00
PHST- 2016/08/24 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2017/03/20 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2017/04/06 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2017/04/06 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/09/07 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2017/04/05 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - PONE-D-16-33962 [pii]
AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0175064 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - PLoS One. 2017 Apr 5;12(4):e0175064. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175064. 
      eCollection 2017.