PMID- 28387576
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20180222
LR  - 20180222
IS  - 1543-2742 (Electronic)
IS  - 1526-484X (Linking)
VI  - 27
IP  - 4
DP  - 2017 Aug
TI  - Dietary Microperiodization in Elite Female and Male Runners and Race Walkers 
      During a Block of High Intensity Precompetition Training.
PG  - 297-304
LID - 10.1123/ijsnem.2016-0317 [doi]
AB  - We investigated one week of dietary microperiodization in elite female (n = 23) 
      and male (n = 15) runners and race-walkers by examining the frequency of training 
      sessions and recovery periods conducted with recommended carbohydrate (CHO) and 
      protein availability. Food and training diaries were recorded in relation to HARD 
      (intense or >90min sessions; KEY) versus RECOVERY days (other-than KEY sessions; 
      EASY). The targets for amount and timing of CHO and protein around KEY sessions 
      were based on current nutrition recommendations. Relative daily energy and CHO 
      intake was significantly (p < .05) higher in males (224 +/- 26 kJ/kg/d, 7.3 +/- 1.4 
      g/kg/d CHO) than females (204 +/- 29 kJ/kg/d, 6.2 +/- 1.1 g/kg/d CHO) on HARD days. 
      However, when adjusted for training volume (km), there was no sex-based 
      difference in CHO intake daily (HARD: 0.42 +/- 0.14 vs 0.39 +/- 0.15 g/kg/km). 
      Females appeared to periodize energy and protein intake with greater intakes on 
      HARD training days (204 +/- 29 vs 187 +/- 35 kJ/kg/d, p = .004; 2.0 +/- 0.3 vs 1.9 +/- 
      0.3 g/kg/d protein, p = .013), while males did not periodize intakes. Females 
      showed a pattern of periodization of postexercise CHO for KEY vs EASY (0.9 +/- 0.4 
      vs 0.5 +/- 0.3 g/kg; p < .05) while males had higher intakes but only modest 
      periodization (1.3 +/- 0.9 vs 1.0 +/- 0.4; p = .32). There was only modest evidence 
      from female athletes of systematic microperiodization of eating patterns to meet 
      contemporary sports nutrition guidelines. While this pattern of periodization was 
      absent in males, in general they consumed more energy and CHO daily and around 
      training sessions compared with females. Elite endurance athletes do not seem to 
      systematically follow the most recent sports nutrition guidelines of periodized 
      nutrition.
FAU - Heikura, Ida A
AU  - Heikura IA
FAU - Burke, Louise M
AU  - Burke LM
FAU - Mero, Antti A
AU  - Mero AA
FAU - Uusitalo, Arja Leena Tuulia
AU  - Uusitalo ALT
FAU - Stellingwerff, Trent
AU  - Stellingwerff T
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20170407
PL  - United States
TA  - Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab
JT  - International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism
JID - 100939812
RN  - 0 (Dietary Carbohydrates)
RN  - 0 (Dietary Proteins)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Athletes
MH  - *Diet
MH  - Diet Records
MH  - Dietary Carbohydrates
MH  - Dietary Proteins
MH  - Energy Intake
MH  - *Feeding Behavior
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Nutrition Policy
MH  - Periodicity
MH  - Physical Conditioning, Human
MH  - Running/*physiology
MH  - *Sports Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
MH  - Surveys and Questionnaires
MH  - Walking/*physiology
MH  - Young Adult
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - carbohydrate
OT  - elite athletes
OT  - nutrient availability
OT  - nutrient timing
OT  - protein
OT  - recovery
EDAT- 2017/04/08 06:00
MHDA- 2018/02/23 06:00
CRDT- 2017/04/08 06:00
PHST- 2017/04/08 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/02/23 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2017/04/08 06:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1123/ijsnem.2016-0317 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2017 Aug;27(4):297-304. doi: 
      10.1123/ijsnem.2016-0317. Epub 2017 Apr 7.