PMID- 28387744
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
DCOM- 20180222
LR  - 20181113
IS  - 1424-8220 (Electronic)
IS  - 1424-8220 (Linking)
VI  - 17
IP  - 4
DP  - 2017 Apr 7
TI  - Characteristics of the BDS Carrier Phase Multipath and Its Mitigation Methods in 
      Relative Positioning.
LID - 10.3390/s17040796 [doi]
LID - 796
AB  - The carrier phase multipath effect is one of the most significant error sources 
      in the precise positioning of BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS). We 
      analyzed the characteristics of BDS multipath, and found the multipath errors of 
      geostationary earth orbit (GEO) satellite signals are systematic, whereas those 
      of inclined geosynchronous orbit (IGSO) or medium earth orbit (MEO) satellites 
      are both systematic and random. The modified multipath mitigation methods, 
      including sidereal filtering algorithm and multipath hemispherical map (MHM) 
      model, were used to improve BDS dynamic deformation monitoring. The results 
      indicate that the sidereal filtering methods can reduce the root mean square 
      (RMS) of positioning errors in the east, north and vertical coordinate directions 
      by 15%, 37%, 25% and 18%, 51%, 27% in the coordinate and observation domains, 
      respectively. By contrast, the MHM method can reduce the RMS by 22%, 52% and 27% 
      on average. In addition, the BDS multipath errors in static baseline solutions 
      are a few centimeters in multipath-rich environments, which is different from 
      that of Global Positioning System (GPS) multipath. Therefore, we add a parameter 
      representing the GEO multipath error in observation equation to the adjustment 
      model to improve the precision of BDS static baseline solutions. And the results 
      show that the modified model can achieve an average precision improvement of 82%, 
      54% and 68% in the east, north and up coordinate directions, respectively.
FAU - Dai, Wujiao
AU  - Dai W
AD  - Department of Surveying and Geo-informatics, Central South University, Changsha 
      410083, China. wjdai@csu.edu.cn.
FAU - Shi, Qiang
AU  - Shi Q
AD  - Department of Surveying and Geo-informatics, Central South University, Changsha 
      410083, China. promise_shi@163.com.
FAU - Cai, Changsheng
AU  - Cai C
AD  - Department of Surveying and Geo-informatics, Central South University, Changsha 
      410083, China. csucai@csu.edu.cn.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20170407
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Sensors (Basel)
JT  - Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
JID - 101204366
PMC - PMC5422069
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - BDS
OT  - carrier phase
OT  - double difference
OT  - multipath effects
OT  - static baseline solution
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2017/04/08 06:00
MHDA- 2017/04/08 06:01
PMCR- 2017/04/07
CRDT- 2017/04/08 06:00
PHST- 2017/03/04 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2017/04/04 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2017/04/05 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2017/04/08 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2017/04/08 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/04/08 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2017/04/07 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - s17040796 [pii]
AID - sensors-17-00796 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/s17040796 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Sensors (Basel). 2017 Apr 7;17(4):796. doi: 10.3390/s17040796.