PMID- 28405423
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20200930
IS  - 2055-5660 (Print)
IS  - 2055-5660 (Electronic)
IS  - 2055-5660 (Linking)
VI  - 1
DP  - 2015
TI  - Porcine circovirus 2 immunology and viral evolution.
PG  - 17
LID - 10.1186/s40813-015-0012-z [doi]
LID - 17
AB  - Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) has and is still causing important economic losses to 
      pig industry. This is due to PCV2-systemic disease (PCV2-SD), formerly known as 
      postweaning multi-systemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), which increases mortality 
      rates and slows down the growth of the animals, as well as other conditions 
      collectively included within the so-called porcine circovirus diseases (PCVD). 
      PCV2-SD affected pigs are considered to be immunosuppressed, with severe 
      lymphocyte depletion and evidence of secondary infections. However, PCV2-infected 
      pigs not developing the disease are able to mount humoral and cellular immune 
      responses and clear the virus or limit the infection. On the contrary, 
      insufficient amounts of neutralizing antibodies have been linked to increased 
      PCV2 replication, severe lymphoid lesions and development of PCV2-SD. Central 
      role in controlling PCV2 infection are played by the antigen specific memory T 
      cells. These cells persist long term post-infection or vaccination and are able 
      to expand rapidly after recall antigen recognition. Most farms in the main pig 
      producing countries are applying vaccination against PCV2 to prevent the disease 
      and improve the farm performance. Vaccines do not induce sterilizing immunity and 
      PCV2 keeps on circulating even in farms applying vaccination. This, together with 
      the high mutation rate of PCV2, world-wide fluctuations in the genotype dominance 
      and emergence of novel genetic variants, warrant close molecular survey of the 
      virus in the field.
FAU - Kekarainen, Tuija
AU  - Kekarainen T
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0392-4706
AD  - Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Institute of Agrifood Research and 
      Technology (IRTA), Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Valles, Spain.
FAU - Segales, Joaquim
AU  - Segales J
AD  - Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Institute of Agrifood Research and 
      Technology (IRTA), Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Valles, Spain.
AD  - Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 
      Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Valles, Spain. GRID: grid.7080.f
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20151119
PL  - England
TA  - Porcine Health Manag
JT  - Porcine health management
JID - 101684126
PMC - PMC5382452
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Immunity
OT  - Pig
OT  - Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2)
OT  - Virus evolution
EDAT- 2015/11/19 00:00
MHDA- 2015/11/19 00:01
PMCR- 2015/11/19
CRDT- 2017/04/14 06:00
PHST- 2015/08/25 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2015/11/11 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2017/04/14 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/11/19 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/11/19 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 2015/11/19 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 12 [pii]
AID - 10.1186/s40813-015-0012-z [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Porcine Health Manag. 2015 Nov 19;1:17. doi: 10.1186/s40813-015-0012-z. 
      eCollection 2015.