PMID- 28406435 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20170908 LR - 20181217 IS - 2072-6643 (Electronic) IS - 2072-6643 (Linking) VI - 9 IP - 4 DP - 2017 Apr 13 TI - Associations of Dietary Glucose, Fructose, and Sucrose with beta-Cell Function, Insulin Sensitivity, and Type 2 Diabetes in the Maastricht Study. LID - 10.3390/nu9040380 [doi] LID - 380 AB - The associations of glucose, fructose, and sucrose intake with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have been inconsistent. Furthermore, there is a lack of studies focusing on early markers of T2DM that provide insight into the process of T2DM progression: impaired pancreatic beta-cell function (BCF) and insulin sensitivity. This study evaluated associations cross-sectionally in a population-based cohort consisting of 2818 individuals (mean +/- SD age 59.7 +/- 8.18, 49.5% male, n = 120 newly diagnosed T2DM). Glucose, fructose, and sucrose intake were assessed by a food frequency questionnaire. Glucose metabolism status, insulin sensitivity, and BCF were measured by a seven-points oral glucose tolerance test. Linear regression analysis revealed a positive association of glucose intake with insulin sensitivity in the fully adjusted model (standardized beta (95% CI) 0.07 (0.05, 0.14) SD for >/=23 g vs. <10 g of glucose). Fructose and sucrose intake were not associated with insulin sensitivity after full adjustments. In addition, no associations of dietary glucose, fructose, and sucrose with BCF were detected. In conclusion, higher intake of glucose, not fructose and sucrose, was associated with higher insulin sensitivity, independent of dietary fibre. No convincing evidence was found for associations of dietary glucose, fructose, and sucrose with BCF in this middle-aged population. FAU - Biggelaar, Louise J C J den AU - Biggelaar LJ AD - Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht MD 6200, The Netherlands. louise.denbiggelaar@maastrichtuniversity.nl. AD - Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht MD 6200, The Netherlands. louise.denbiggelaar@maastrichtuniversity.nl. FAU - Eussen, Simone J P M AU - Eussen SJ AD - Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht MD 6200, The Netherlands. simone.eussen@maastrichtuniversity.nl. AD - Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht MD 6200, The Netherlands. simone.eussen@maastrichtuniversity.nl. AD - Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht MD 6200, The Netherlands. simone.eussen@maastrichtuniversity.nl. FAU - Sep, Simone J S AU - Sep SJ AD - Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht MD 6200, The Netherlands. mcjm.vandongen@maastrichtuniversity.nl. AD - Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht MD 6200, The Netherlands. mcjm.vandongen@maastrichtuniversity.nl. FAU - Mari, Andrea AU - Mari A AD - C N R Institute of Neuroscience, Padova 56124, Italy. karlijn.denissen@maastrichtuniversity.nl. FAU - Ferrannini, Ele AU - Ferrannini E AD - C N R Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa 56124, Italy. nicole.wijckmans@maastrichtuniversity.nl. FAU - Dongen, Martien C J M van AU - Dongen MC AD - Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht MD 6200, The Netherlands. dagnelie@maastrichtuniversity.nl. AD - Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht MD 6200, The Netherlands. dagnelie@maastrichtuniversity.nl. FAU - Denissen, Karlijn F M AU - Denissen KF AD - Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht MD 6200, The Netherlands. s.sep@adelante-zorggroep.nl. AD - Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht MD 6200, The Netherlands. s.sep@adelante-zorggroep.nl. FAU - Wijckmans, Nicole E G AU - Wijckmans NE AD - Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht MD 6200, The Netherlands. m.schram@mumc.nl. AD - Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht MD 6200, The Netherlands. m.schram@mumc.nl. FAU - Schram, Miranda T AU - Schram MT AD - Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht MD 6200, The Netherlands. c.vanderkallen@maastrichtuniversity.nl. AD - Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht MD 6200, The Netherlands. c.vanderkallen@maastrichtuniversity.nl. AD - Heart and Vascular Centre, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht MD 6200, The Netherlands. c.vanderkallen@maastrichtuniversity.nl. FAU - Kallen, Carla J van der AU - Kallen CJ AD - Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht MD 6200, The Netherlands. n.schaper@mumc.nl. AD - Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht MD 6200, The Netherlands. n.schaper@mumc.nl. FAU - Koster, Annemarie AU - Koster A AD - Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht MD 6200, The Netherlands. rma.henry@mumc.nl. AD - Department of Social Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht MD 6200, The Netherlands. rma.henry@mumc.nl. FAU - Schaper, Nicolaas AU - Schaper N AD - Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht MD 6200, The Netherlands. cda.stehouwer@mumc.nl. AD - Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht MD 6200, The Netherlands. cda.stehouwer@mumc.nl. AD - Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht MD 6200, The Netherlands. cda.stehouwer@mumc.nl. FAU - Henry, Ronald M A AU - Henry RM AD - Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht MD 6200, The Netherlands. annemarie.koster@mumc.nl. AD - Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht MD 6200, The Netherlands. annemarie.koster@mumc.nl. AD - Heart and Vascular Centre, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht MD 6200, The Netherlands. annemarie.koster@mumc.nl. FAU - Stehouwer, Coen D A AU - Stehouwer CD AD - Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht MD 6200, The Netherlands. andrea.mari@cnr.it. AD - Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht MD 6200, The Netherlands. andrea.mari@cnr.it. FAU - Dagnelie, Pieter C AU - Dagnelie PC AD - Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht MD 6200, The Netherlands. ferrannini@ifc.cnr.it. AD - Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht MD 6200, The Netherlands. ferrannini@ifc.cnr.it. AD - Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht MD 6200, The Netherlands. ferrannini@ifc.cnr.it. LA - eng PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article PT - Observational Study DEP - 20170413 PL - Switzerland TA - Nutrients JT - Nutrients JID - 101521595 RN - 0 (Biomarkers) RN - 0 (Dietary Sucrose) RN - 0 (Insulin) RN - 30237-26-4 (Fructose) RN - IY9XDZ35W2 (Glucose) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Biomarkers/blood MH - Cohort Studies MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology/ethnology/*etiology/metabolism MH - Diet, Carbohydrate Loading/*adverse effects/ethnology MH - Dietary Sucrose/adverse effects MH - Female MH - Fructose/adverse effects MH - Glucose/*adverse effects MH - Humans MH - Insulin/blood/*metabolism MH - *Insulin Resistance/ethnology MH - Insulin Secretion MH - Insulin-Secreting Cells/*metabolism MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Netherlands/epidemiology MH - Nutrition Surveys MH - Prediabetic State/epidemiology/ethnology/*etiology/metabolism MH - Prevalence MH - Prospective Studies MH - Self Report PMC - PMC5409719 OTO - NOTNLM OT - beta-cell function OT - diet OT - fructose OT - glucose OT - insulin sensitivity OT - prediabetes OT - sucrose OT - type 2 diabetes COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. The founding sponsors had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, and in the decision to publish the results. EDAT- 2017/04/14 06:00 MHDA- 2017/09/09 06:00 PMCR- 2017/04/01 CRDT- 2017/04/14 06:00 PHST- 2017/02/27 00:00 [received] PHST- 2017/03/31 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2017/04/06 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2017/04/14 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2017/04/14 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2017/09/09 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2017/04/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - nu9040380 [pii] AID - nutrients-09-00380 [pii] AID - 10.3390/nu9040380 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Nutrients. 2017 Apr 13;9(4):380. doi: 10.3390/nu9040380.