PMID- 28415004
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20180730
LR  - 20181202
IS  - 1879-1026 (Electronic)
IS  - 0048-9697 (Linking)
VI  - 596-597
DP  - 2017 Oct 15
TI  - Types of household humidifier disinfectant and associated risk of lung injury 
      (HDLI) in South Korea.
PG  - 53-60
LID - S0048-9697(17)30874-4 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.040 [doi]
AB  - From 2002 through 2015, hundreds of people died of fatal lung injuries associated 
      with the use of humidifier disinfectants (HDs) in Korea. Several chemical 
      disinfectants used for household humidifiers were later clinically confirmed to 
      cause HD-associated lung injury (HDLI). The aim of this study is to evaluate the 
      registered lung disease cases and to compare the distribution of HDLI patients, 
      including deaths, by HD use characteristics including types of HD and HD brands 
      categorized by age group. A total of 530 registered were clinically examined 
      through two rounds of investigations conducted from July 2013 until April 2015. 
      Information on HD use was obtained from a structured questionnaire and home 
      investigations. Approximately one-half of the patients (n=221) were clinically 
      confirmed to be associated with the use of HDs. Pregnant women (n=35, 16%) and 
      pre-school children</=6years old (n=128, 58%) accounted for most of the 
      HD-associated lung injury patients (n=163, 74%). Sixty-seven percent of HDLI 
      patients developed HDLI after less than one year of HD use. HD products 
      containing polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate (PHMG) were the most frequently 
      used among confirmed HDLI patients (n=123, 55.7%), followed by oligo 
      (2-(2-ethoxy) ethoxyethyl guanidinium (PGH) (n=24, 10.9%) and a mixture of 
      chloromethylisothiazolinone (CMIT) and methylisothiazolinone (MIT) (n=3, 1.4%). 
      Other HDs did not appear to be linked to HDLI. The majority of the HDLI patients 
      (n=85, 38.5%) was found to use only Oxy Saksak(R) products containing PHMG. The 
      development of HDLI was clinically found to be associated with the use of several 
      HD products containing PHMG and PGH, and to lesser extent, CMIT/MIT.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Park, Dong-Uk
AU  - Park DU
AD  - Department of Environmental Health, Korea National Open University, Seoul, South 
      Korea. Electronic address: pdw545@gmail.com.
FAU - Ryu, Seung-Hun
AU  - Ryu SH
AD  - Department of Environmental Health, Korea National Open University, Seoul, South 
      Korea.
FAU - Lim, Heung-Kyu
AU  - Lim HK
AD  - Asian Citizen's Center for Environment and Health, Seoul, South Korea.
FAU - Kim, Sun-Kyung
AU  - Kim SK
AD  - School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
FAU - Choi, Ye-Yong
AU  - Choi YY
AD  - Asian Citizen's Center for Environment and Health, Seoul, South Korea.
FAU - Ahn, Jong-Ju
AU  - Ahn JJ
AD  - Asian Citizen's Center for Environment and Health, Seoul, South Korea.
FAU - Lee, Eun
AU  - Lee E
AD  - Department of Pediatrics, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, South 
      Korea.
FAU - Hong, Sang-Bum
AU  - Hong SB
AD  - Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Univ. of 
      Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
FAU - Do, Kyung-Hyun
AU  - Do KH
AD  - Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, 
      University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
FAU - Cho, Jae-Lim
AU  - Cho JL
AD  - Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Gachon University Gil 
      Medical Center, Incheon, South Korea.
FAU - Bae, Mun-Joo
AU  - Bae MJ
AD  - Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Graduate School of Public 
      Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
FAU - Shin, Dong-Chun
AU  - Shin DC
AD  - Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University, College of Medicine, Seoul, 
      South Korea.
FAU - Paek, Do-Myung
AU  - Paek DM
AD  - School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
FAU - Hong, Soo-Jong
AU  - Hong SJ
AD  - Department of Pediatrics, Childhood Asthma Atopy Center, Environmental Health 
      Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 
      South Korea.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20170414
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Sci Total Environ
JT  - The Science of the total environment
JID - 0330500
RN  - 0 (Disinfectants)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Child
MH  - Child, Preschool
MH  - Disinfectants/*adverse effects
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Humidifiers
MH  - Infant
MH  - Lung Injury/*chemically induced/mortality
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Pregnancy
MH  - Republic of Korea
MH  - Risk
MH  - Young Adult
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - CMIT
OT  - Humidifier disinfectant (HD)
OT  - Humidifier disinfectant-associated lung injury (HDLI)
OT  - MIT
OT  - PGH
OT  - PHMG
EDAT- 2017/04/18 06:00
MHDA- 2018/07/31 06:00
CRDT- 2017/04/18 06:00
PHST- 2016/12/14 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2017/02/20 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2017/04/06 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2017/04/18 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/07/31 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2017/04/18 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0048-9697(17)30874-4 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.040 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Sci Total Environ. 2017 Oct 15;596-597:53-60. doi: 
      10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.040. Epub 2017 Apr 14.