PMID- 28423013
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20170425
LR  - 20191210
IS  - 1932-6203 (Electronic)
IS  - 1932-6203 (Linking)
VI  - 12
IP  - 4
DP  - 2017
TI  - Mapping the co-localization of the circadian proteins PER2 and BMAL1 with 
      enkephalin and substance P throughout the rodent forebrain.
PG  - e0176279
LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0176279 [doi]
LID - e0176279
AB  - Despite rhythmic expression of clock genes being found throughout the central 
      nervous system, very little is known about their function outside of the 
      suprachiasmatic nucleus. Determining the pattern of clock gene expression across 
      neuronal subpopulations is a key step in understanding their regulation and how 
      they may influence the functions of various brain structures. Using 
      immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy, we quantified the co-expression of 
      the clock proteins BMAL1 and PER2 with two neuropeptides, Substance P (SubP) and 
      Enkephalin (Enk), expressed in distinct neuronal populations throughout the 
      forebrain. Regions examined included the limbic forebrain (dorsal striatum, 
      nucleus accumbens, amygdala, stria terminalis), thalamus medial habenula of the 
      thalamus, paraventricular nucleus and arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus and the 
      olfactory bulb. In most regions examined, BMAL1 was homogeneously expressed in 
      nearly all neurons (~90%), and PER2 was expressed in a slightly lower proportion 
      of cells. There was no specific correlation to SubP- or Enk- expressing 
      subpopulations. The olfactory bulb was unique in that PER2 and BMAL1 were 
      expressed in a much smaller percentage of cells, and Enk was rarely found in the 
      same cells that expressed the clock proteins (SubP was undetectable). These 
      results indicate that clock genes are not unique to specific cell types, and 
      further studies will be required to determine the factors that contribute to the 
      regulation of clock gene expression throughout the brain.
FAU - Frederick, Ariana
AU  - Frederick A
AD  - Centre for Studies in Behavioural Neurobiology, Concordia University, Montreal, 
      Quebec, Canada.
AD  - Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
FAU - Goldsmith, Jory
AU  - Goldsmith J
AD  - Centre for Studies in Behavioural Neurobiology, Concordia University, Montreal, 
      Quebec, Canada.
AD  - Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
FAU - de Zavalia, Nuria
AU  - de Zavalia N
AD  - Centre for Studies in Behavioural Neurobiology, Concordia University, Montreal, 
      Quebec, Canada.
AD  - Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
FAU - Amir, Shimon
AU  - Amir S
AD  - Centre for Studies in Behavioural Neurobiology, Concordia University, Montreal, 
      Quebec, Canada.
AD  - Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20170419
PL  - United States
TA  - PLoS One
JT  - PloS one
JID - 101285081
RN  - 0 (ARNTL Transcription Factors)
RN  - 0 (Arntl protein, rat)
RN  - 0 (Enkephalins)
RN  - 0 (Per2 protein, rat)
RN  - 0 (Period Circadian Proteins)
RN  - 33507-63-0 (Substance P)
SB  - IM
MH  - ARNTL Transcription Factors/*genetics/metabolism
MH  - Amygdala/anatomy & histology/metabolism
MH  - Animals
MH  - Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus/anatomy & histology/metabolism
MH  - Brain Mapping
MH  - Circadian Clocks/*genetics
MH  - Corpus Striatum/anatomy & histology/metabolism
MH  - Enkephalins/*genetics/metabolism
MH  - Gene Expression
MH  - Habenula/anatomy & histology/metabolism
MH  - Immunohistochemistry
MH  - Male
MH  - Nucleus Accumbens/anatomy & histology/metabolism
MH  - Olfactory Bulb/anatomy & histology/metabolism
MH  - Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus/anatomy & histology/metabolism
MH  - Period Circadian Proteins/*genetics/metabolism
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Wistar
MH  - Septal Nuclei/anatomy & histology/metabolism
MH  - Substance P/*genetics/metabolism
PMC - PMC5397057
COIS- Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2017/04/20 06:00
MHDA- 2017/04/26 06:00
PMCR- 2017/04/19
CRDT- 2017/04/20 06:00
PHST- 2016/11/29 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2017/04/07 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2017/04/20 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2017/04/20 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/04/26 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2017/04/19 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - PONE-D-16-47265 [pii]
AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0176279 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - PLoS One. 2017 Apr 19;12(4):e0176279. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176279. 
      eCollection 2017.