PMID- 28429875
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20190815
LR  - 20190815
IS  - 1708-8240 (Electronic)
IS  - 1496-4155 (Linking)
VI  - 29
IP  - 4
DP  - 2017 Jul 8
TI  - Effect of untreated zirconium oxide nanofiller on the flexural strength and 
      surface hardness of autopolymerized interim fixed restoration resins.
PG  - 264-269
LID - 10.1111/jerd.12300 [doi]
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Autopolymerized poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin is commonly used 
      for the construction of interim restorations; however, it has less than optimal 
      mechanical properties. In this article, we evaluated the reinforcing effect of 
      adding untreated zirconia nanoparticles on the flexural strength and surface 
      hardness of this resin. METHODS: A total of 80 specimens were fabricated. Forty 
      each were used for the flexural strength test and for the surface hardness test. 
      The specimens were categorized into four groups of 10 specimens each as follows: 
      pure PMMA, PMMA with 1%, PMMA with 2.5%, and PMMA with 5% weight of untreated 
      zirconia nanofillers. The flexural strength of the specimens was evaluated by the 
      three-point bending test, and the surface hardness was assessed by micro Vickers 
      hardness test. The data obtained from these tests were statistically analyzed 
      using one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests. In addition, the fracture surface 
      characteristics were assessed using scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS: 
      Flexural strength testing showed a significant increase in the group with 2.5% 
      zirconia nanofillers, but not in the groups with 1% and 5% nanofillers. Surface 
      hardness was also significantly increased in the groups with 2.5% and 5% 
      nanofillers, but not in the 1% group. The SEM images showed a highly brittle 
      fracture in the pure PMMA group and noticeably less brittle fracture in the group 
      with PMMA with 2.5% weight of zirconia nanofillers. Several cracks and void were 
      also observed in the group with 5% weight of nanofillers. CONCLUSION: 
      Reinforcement of the autopolymerized acrylic resin with 2.5% weight of untreated 
      zirconia nanofillers significantly increased its flexural strength and surface 
      hardness. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The interim restorations play an important role 
      in protection of hard and soft oral tissue and providing the critical function 
      and esthetics before the final restoration replacing. Temporary restorations must 
      have sufficient flexural strength to resist deformation during mastication force. 
      Moreover, sufficient surface hardness is also necessary to resist abrasion. The 
      color stability of materials is considered as an important clinical criterion, 
      specifically in esthetics zone. Several materials have been applied to improve 
      ‏the flexural strength and surface hardness for representing clinical success. 
      Zirconia nanoparticles show desirable features, such as high hardness, 
      biocompatibility, and favorable color because of its white color. ‏It seems that 
      the addition of the nano zirconia to acrylic resins can be the appropriate method 
      for improving interim restoration.
CI  - (c) 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
FAU - Alhavaz, Abdolhamid
AU  - Alhavaz A
AD  - Dental Materials Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Babol University of 
      Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
AD  - Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Babol University of Medical 
      Sciences, Babol, Iran.
FAU - Rezaei Dastjerdi, Maryam
AU  - Rezaei Dastjerdi M
AD  - Dental Materials Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Babol University of 
      Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
AD  - Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Babol University of Medical 
      Sciences, Babol, Iran.
FAU - Ghasemi, Arman
AU  - Ghasemi A
AD  - Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San 
      Antonio, Texas.
AD  - Department of Mechanical Engineering, Babol University of Technology, Babol, 
      Iran.
FAU - Ghasemi, Azade
AU  - Ghasemi A
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5565-9158
AD  - Dental Materials Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Babol University of 
      Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
AD  - Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Babol University of Medical 
      Sciences, Babol, Iran.
FAU - Alizadeh Sahraei, Abolfazl
AU  - Alizadeh Sahraei A
AD  - Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of 
      Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20170421
PL  - England
TA  - J Esthet Restor Dent
JT  - Journal of esthetic and restorative dentistry : official publication of the 
      American Academy of Esthetic Dentistry ... [et al.]
JID - 101096515
RN  - 0 (Acrylic Resins)
RN  - 0 (Dental Materials)
RN  - 9011-14-7 (Polymethyl Methacrylate)
RN  - C6V6S92N3C (Zirconium)
RN  - S38N85C5G0 (zirconium oxide)
MH  - Acrylic Resins/*chemistry
MH  - Dental Materials/*chemistry
MH  - Dental Stress Analysis
MH  - Flexural Strength
MH  - Hardness
MH  - Materials Testing
MH  - Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
MH  - Nanoparticles/*chemistry
MH  - Polymethyl Methacrylate/*chemistry
MH  - Surface Properties
MH  - Zirconium/*chemistry
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - autopolymerized acrylic resin
OT  - flexural strength
OT  - zirconia nanofiller
EDAT- 2017/04/22 06:00
MHDA- 2019/08/16 06:00
CRDT- 2017/04/22 06:00
PHST- 2017/04/22 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/08/16 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2017/04/22 06:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1111/jerd.12300 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Esthet Restor Dent. 2017 Jul 8;29(4):264-269. doi: 10.1111/jerd.12300. Epub 
      2017 Apr 21.