PMID- 28432486
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20180423
LR  - 20181113
IS  - 1573-7365 (Electronic)
IS  - 0885-7490 (Print)
IS  - 0885-7490 (Linking)
VI  - 32
IP  - 4
DP  - 2017 Aug
TI  - Cholesterol as a modifying agent of the neurovascular unit structure and function 
      under physiological and pathological conditions.
PG  - 935-948
LID - 10.1007/s11011-017-0015-3 [doi]
AB  - The brain, demanding constant level of cholesterol, precisely controls its 
      synthesis and homeostasis. The brain cholesterol pool is almost completely 
      separated from the rest of the body by the functional blood-brain barrier (BBB). 
      Only a part of cholesterol pool can be exchanged with the blood circulation in 
      the form of the oxysterol metabolites such, as 27-hydroxycholesterol (27-OHC) and 
      24S-hydroxycholesterol (24S-OHC). Not only neurons but also blood vessels and 
      neuroglia, constituting neurovascular unit (NVU), are crucial for the brain 
      cholesterol metabolism and undergo precise regulation by numerous modulators, 
      metabolites and signal molecules. In physiological conditions maintaining the 
      optimal cholesterol concentration is important for the energetic metabolism, 
      composition of cell membranes and myelination. However, a growing body of 
      evidence indicates the consequences of the cholesterol homeostasis dysregulation 
      in several pathophysiological processes. There is a causal relationship between 
      hypercholesterolemia and 1) development of type 2 diabetes due to long-term 
      high-fat diet consumption, 2) significance of the oxidative stress consequences 
      for cerebral amyloid angiopathy and neurodegenerative diseases, 3) insulin 
      resistance on progression of the neurodegenerative brain diseases. In this 
      review, we summarize the current state of knowledge concerning the cholesterol 
      influence upon functioning of the NVU under physiological and pathological 
      conditions.
FAU - Czuba, Ewelina
AU  - Czuba E
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1519-6897
AD  - Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki 
      Str, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland. ewelina.czuba@gumed.edu.pl.
FAU - Steliga, Aleksandra
AU  - Steliga A
AD  - Department of Health Sciences, Pomeranian University of Slupsk, 64 Bohaterow 
      Westerplatte Str, 76-200, Slupsk, Poland.
FAU - Lietzau, Grazyna
AU  - Lietzau G
AD  - Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki 
      Str, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland.
FAU - Kowianski, Przemyslaw
AU  - Kowianski P
AD  - Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki 
      Str, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland.
AD  - Department of Health Sciences, Pomeranian University of Slupsk, 64 Bohaterow 
      Westerplatte Str, 76-200, Slupsk, Poland.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
DEP - 20170421
PL  - United States
TA  - Metab Brain Dis
JT  - Metabolic brain disease
JID - 8610370
RN  - 97C5T2UQ7J (Cholesterol)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Blood-Brain Barrier/*metabolism/pathology
MH  - Brain Diseases/*metabolism/pathology
MH  - Cholesterol/*metabolism
MH  - Humans
MH  - Nerve Degeneration/*metabolism/pathology
MH  - Neurons/metabolism/pathology
PMC - PMC5504126
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Alzheimer's disease
OT  - Blood brain barrier
OT  - Cholesterol homeostasis
OT  - Neurodegeneration
OT  - Neurovascular unit
OT  - Oxysterols
COIS- The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2017/04/23 06:00
MHDA- 2018/04/24 06:00
PMCR- 2017/04/21
CRDT- 2017/04/23 06:00
PHST- 2017/01/12 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2017/04/17 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2017/04/23 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/04/24 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2017/04/23 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2017/04/21 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1007/s11011-017-0015-3 [pii]
AID - 15 [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s11011-017-0015-3 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Metab Brain Dis. 2017 Aug;32(4):935-948. doi: 10.1007/s11011-017-0015-3. Epub 
      2017 Apr 21.