PMID- 28440448
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20180306
LR  - 20211204
IS  - 1791-2431 (Electronic)
IS  - 1021-335X (Linking)
VI  - 37
IP  - 6
DP  - 2017 Jun
TI  - Modified Panax ginseng extract regulates autophagy by AMPK signaling in A549 
      human lung cancer cells.
PG  - 3287-3296
LID - 10.3892/or.2017.5590 [doi]
AB  - Panax ginseng has been used worldwide as a traditional medicine for the treatment 
      of cancer and other diseases. The antiproliferative activity of ginseng has been 
      increased after enzymatic processing of ginseng saponin, which may result in the 
      accumulation of minor saponins, such as Rh2, Rg3, compound K and protopanaxatriol 
      type (PPT) in modified regular ginseng extract (MRGX). In the present study, the 
      anticancer activity and the associated mechanisms of MRGX were investigated using 
      A549 human lung cancer cells. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying the effects 
      of MRGX, we performed a microarray analysis of gene expression in the A549 cells. 
      Molecular mechanisms that were associated with the anticancer activity of MRGX 
      were studied, with a special focus on the autophagy-related multiple signaling 
      pathways in lung cancer cells. Microarray analyses elucidated autophagy-related 
      genes affected by MRGX. Administration of MRGX at 100 microg/ml induced punctate 
      cytoplasmic expression of LC3, Beclin-1 and ATG5 and increased expression of 
      endogenous LC3-II whereas 50 microg/ml did not inhibit the proliferation of A549 
      cells. Compared to the control cells, in cells treated with MRGX at 100 microg/ml, 
      the level of p-Akt was increased, while that of mTOR-4EBP1 was decreased. 
      Downregulation of mTOR and 4EBP1 in the MRGX-treated cells was found not to be a 
      p-Ulk (S757)-dependent pathway, but a p-Ulk (S317)-dependent autophagic pathway, 
      using AMPK. These data suggest that MRGX regulates AMPK and induces autophagy in 
      lung cancer cells.
FAU - Yoo, Hwa-Seung
AU  - Yoo HS
AD  - East-West Cancer Center, Dunsan Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University, 
      Daejeon 302-122, Republic of Korea.
FAU - Kim, Jung Min
AU  - Kim JM
AD  - NAR Center, Inc. & Genoplan Korea, Inc., Seoul 06221, Republic of Korea.
FAU - Jo, Eunbi
AU  - Jo E
AD  - Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, 
      Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea.
FAU - Cho, Chong-Kwan
AU  - Cho CK
AD  - East-West Cancer Center, Dunsan Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University, 
      Daejeon 302-122, Republic of Korea.
FAU - Lee, Seung-Yeul
AU  - Lee SY
AD  - Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, 
      Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea.
FAU - Kang, Hwan Su
AU  - Kang HS
AD  - Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, 
      Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea.
FAU - Lee, Min-Goo
AU  - Lee MG
AD  - Department of Physiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, 
      Republic of Korea.
FAU - Yang, Pei-Ying
AU  - Yang PY
AD  - Departments of Palliative, Rehabilitation and Integrative Medicine, The 
      University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
FAU - Jang, Ik-Soon
AU  - Jang IS
AD  - Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, 
      Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20170420
PL  - Greece
TA  - Oncol Rep
JT  - Oncology reports
JID - 9422756
RN  - 0 (Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing)
RN  - 0 (Beclin-1)
RN  - 0 (Cell Cycle Proteins)
RN  - 0 (EIF4EBP1 protein, human)
RN  - 0 (MAP1LC3A protein, human)
RN  - 0 (Microtubule-Associated Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Phosphoproteins)
RN  - 0 (Plant Extracts)
RN  - 0 (Saponins)
RN  - EC 2.7.1.1 (MTOR protein, human)
RN  - EC 2.7.11.1 (TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases)
RN  - EC 2.7.11.31 (AMP-Activated Protein Kinases)
RN  - EC 2.7.11.31 (PRKAA1 protein, human)
SB  - IM
MH  - A549 Cells
MH  - AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/genetics
MH  - Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
MH  - Autophagy/drug effects/*genetics
MH  - Beclin-1/genetics
MH  - Cell Cycle Proteins
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
MH  - Humans
MH  - Lung Neoplasms/*drug therapy/genetics/pathology
MH  - Microtubule-Associated Proteins/genetics
MH  - Panax/chemistry
MH  - Phosphoproteins/genetics
MH  - Plant Extracts/*administration & dosage/chemistry
MH  - Saponins/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Signal Transduction/drug effects
MH  - TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
EDAT- 2017/04/26 06:00
MHDA- 2018/03/07 06:00
CRDT- 2017/04/26 06:00
PHST- 2016/08/04 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2016/10/17 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2017/04/26 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/03/07 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2017/04/26 06:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.3892/or.2017.5590 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Oncol Rep. 2017 Jun;37(6):3287-3296. doi: 10.3892/or.2017.5590. Epub 2017 Apr 20.