PMID- 28440643
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20171215
LR  - 20181202
IS  - 1520-5851 (Electronic)
IS  - 0013-936X (Linking)
VI  - 51
IP  - 10
DP  - 2017 May 16
TI  - Field Calibration of XAD-Based Passive Air Sampler on the Tibetan Plateau: Wind 
      Influence and Configuration Improvement.
PG  - 5642-5649
LID - 10.1021/acs.est.7b01029 [doi]
AB  - The passive air sampler based on XAD-2 resin (XAD-PAS) has proven useful for 
      collecting atmospheric persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in remote regions. 
      Whereas laboratory studies have shown that, due to the open bottom of its 
      housing, the passive sampling rate (PSR) of the XAD-PAS is susceptible to wind 
      and other processes causing air turbulence, the sampler has not been calibrated 
      in the field at sites experiencing high winds. In this study, the PSRs of the 
      XAD-PAS were calibrated at three sites on the Tibetan Plateau, covering a wide 
      range in temperature (T), pressure (P) and wind speed (v). At sites with low wind 
      speeds (i.e., in a forest and an urban site), the PSRs are proportional to the 
      ratio T(1.75)/ P; at windy sites with an average wind speed above 3 m/s, the 
      influence of v on PSRs cannot be ignored. Moreover, the open bottom of the 
      XAD-PAS housing causes the PSRs to be influenced by wind angle and air turbulence 
      caused by sloped terrain. Field calibration, wind speed measurements, and 
      computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations indicate that a modified design 
      incorporating an air spoiler consisting of 4 metal sheets dampens the turbulence 
      caused by wind angle and sloped terrain and caps the PSR at  approximately 5 m(3)/day, 
      irrespective of ambient wind. Therefore, the original XAD-PAS with an open bottom 
      is suitable for deployment in urban areas and other less windy places, the 
      modified design is preferable in mountain regions and other places where air 
      circulation is complicated and strong.
FAU - Gong, Ping
AU  - Gong P
AD  - Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environmental Changes and Land Surface Process, 
      Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , 
      Beijing 100101, China.
AD  - CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing 100101, 
      China.
FAU - Wang, Xiaoping
AU  - Wang X
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7524-7540
AD  - Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environmental Changes and Land Surface Process, 
      Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , 
      Beijing 100101, China.
AD  - CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing 100101, 
      China.
FAU - Liu, Xiande
AU  - Liu X
AD  - Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
FAU - Wania, Frank
AU  - Wania F
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3836-0901
AD  - University of Toronto Scarborough , Department of Physical and Environmental 
      Sciences, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario Canada , M1C 1A4.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20170502
PL  - United States
TA  - Environ Sci Technol
JT  - Environmental science & technology
JID - 0213155
RN  - 0 (Air Pollutants)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Air Pollutants
MH  - Calibration
MH  - Environmental Monitoring
MH  - Tibet
MH  - *Wind
EDAT- 2017/04/26 06:00
MHDA- 2017/12/16 06:00
CRDT- 2017/04/26 06:00
PHST- 2017/04/26 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/12/16 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2017/04/26 06:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1021/acs.est.7b01029 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Sci Technol. 2017 May 16;51(10):5642-5649. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.7b01029. 
      Epub 2017 May 2.