PMID- 28441325
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20170824
LR  - 20220410
IS  - 1660-4601 (Electronic)
IS  - 1661-7827 (Print)
IS  - 1660-4601 (Linking)
VI  - 14
IP  - 5
DP  - 2017 Apr 25
TI  - The Effects of Taekwondo Training on Peripheral Neuroplasticity-Related Growth 
      Factors, Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity, and Cognitive Functions in Healthy 
      Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
LID - 10.3390/ijerph14050454 [doi]
LID - 454
AB  - Although regular Taekwondo (TKD) training has been reported to be effective for 
      improving cognitive function in children, the mechanism underlying this 
      improvement remains unclear. The purpose of the present study was to observe 
      changes in neuroplasticity-related growth factors in the blood, assess cerebral 
      blood flow velocity, and verify the resulting changes in children's cognitive 
      function after TKD training. Thirty healthy elementary school students were 
      randomly assigned to control (n = 15) and TKD (n = 15) groups. The TKD training 
      was conducted for 60 min at a rating of perceived exertion (RPE) of 11-15, 5 
      times per week, for 16 weeks. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), vascular 
      endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels 
      were measured by blood sampling before and after the training, and the cerebral 
      blood flow velocities (peak systolic [MCAs], end diastolic [MCAd], mean cerebral 
      blood flow velocities [MCAm], and pulsatility index [PI]) of the middle cerebral 
      artery (MCA) were measured using Doppler ultrasonography. For cognitive function 
      assessment, Stroop Color and Word Tests (Word, Color, and Color-Word) were 
      administered along with other measurements. The serum BDNF, VEGF, and IGF-1 
      levels and the Color-Word test scores among the sub-factors of the Stroop Color 
      and Word Test scores were significantly higher in the TKD group after the 
      intervention (p < 0.05). On the other hand, no statistically significant 
      differences were found in any factors related to cerebral blood flow velocities, 
      or in the Word test and Color test scores (p > 0.05). Thus, 16-week TKD training 
      did not significantly affect cerebral blood flow velocities, but the training may 
      have been effective in increasing children's cognitive function by inducing an 
      increase in the levels of neuroplasticity-related growth factors.
FAU - Cho, Su-Youn
AU  - Cho SY
AD  - Department of Taekwondo, Youngsan University, Yangsan-si 50510, Korea. 
      csy@ysu.ac.kr.
FAU - So, Wi-Young
AU  - So WY
AD  - Sports and Health Care Major, College of Humanities and Arts, Korea National 
      University of Transportation, Chungju-si 27469, Korea. wowso@ut.ac.kr.
FAU - Roh, Hee-Tae
AU  - Roh HT
AD  - Department of Physical Education, College of Arts and Physical Education, Dong-A 
      University, Busan 49315, Korea. dau0409@dau.ac.kr.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Randomized Controlled Trial
DEP - 20170425
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Int J Environ Res Public Health
JT  - International journal of environmental research and public health
JID - 101238455
RN  - 0 (Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor)
RN  - 0 (IGF1 protein, human)
RN  - 0 (Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins)
RN  - 0 (VEGFA protein, human)
RN  - 0 (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A)
RN  - 67763-96-6 (Insulin-Like Growth Factor I)
RN  - 7171WSG8A2 (BDNF protein, human)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Blood Flow Velocity
MH  - Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/genetics/metabolism
MH  - *Cerebrovascular Circulation
MH  - Child
MH  - *Cognition
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/*genetics/metabolism
MH  - Male
MH  - Martial Arts/physiology
MH  - *Neuronal Plasticity
MH  - Republic of Korea
MH  - Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/genetics/metabolism
PMC - PMC5451905
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Taekwondo
OT  - cerebral blood flow
OT  - children
OT  - cognition
OT  - neurotrophic factors
COIS- The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
EDAT- 2017/04/26 06:00
MHDA- 2017/08/25 06:00
PMCR- 2017/05/01
CRDT- 2017/04/26 06:00
PHST- 2017/03/28 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2017/04/21 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2017/04/22 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2017/04/26 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2017/04/26 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/08/25 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2017/05/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ijerph14050454 [pii]
AID - ijerph-14-00454 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/ijerph14050454 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017 Apr 25;14(5):454. doi: 
      10.3390/ijerph14050454.