PMID- 28497916
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20220316
IS  - 2092-7355 (Print)
IS  - 2092-7363 (Electronic)
IS  - 2092-7355 (Linking)
VI  - 9
IP  - 4
DP  - 2017 Jul
TI  - Emerging Endotypes of Chronic Rhinosinusitis and Its Application to Precision 
      Medicine.
PG  - 299-306
LID - 10.4168/aair.2017.9.4.299 [doi]
AB  - Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a heterogeneous inflammatory disease with various 
      underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms which translate to endotypes, in contrast 
      to clinical phenotypes or histological subtypes. Defining endotypes can help 
      clinicians predict disease prognosis, select subjects suitable for a specific 
      therapy, and assess risks for comorbid conditions, including asthma. Therefore, 
      with recent advancement of biologicals in CRS clinical trials, endotyping can be 
      a breakthrough in treating recalcitrant CRS. CRS is caused by dysregulated 
      immunologic responses to external stimuli, which induce various inflammatory 
      mediators from inflammatory cells, including innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and T 
      lymphocytes as well as epithelial cells. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), 
      interleukin (IL)-25, and IL-33, which are mainly secreted by epithelial cells in 
      response to external stimuli, act on type 2 ILCs and T helper 2 (Th2) cells, 
      inducing IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13. Local immunoglobulin E (IgE) production is also a 
      signature event in nasal polyps (NP). These inflammatory mediators are novel 
      potential therapeutic targets for recalcitrant CRS. This article reviews recent 
      publications regarding endotypes and endotype-based therapeutic strategies in CRS 
      and NP.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2017 The Korean Academy of Asthma, Allergy and Clinical Immunology . 
      The Korean Academy of Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Disease.
FAU - Kim, Dae Woo
AU  - Kim DW
AD  - Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National 
      University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
FAU - Cho, Seong H
AU  - Cho SH
AD  - Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University 
      of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA. 
      scho2@health.usf.edu.
LA  - eng
GR  - K23 AI110731/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PL  - Korea (South)
TA  - Allergy Asthma Immunol Res
JT  - Allergy, asthma & immunology research
JID - 101518382
PMC - PMC5446944
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Nasal polyps
OT  - biologicals
OT  - chronic rhinosinusitis
OT  - cytokines
OT  - endotypes
OT  - phenotypes
COIS- There are no financial or other issues that might lead to conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2017/05/13 06:00
MHDA- 2017/05/13 06:01
PMCR- 2017/07/01
CRDT- 2017/05/13 06:00
PHST- 2017/01/02 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2017/02/15 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2017/02/20 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2017/05/13 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2017/05/13 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/05/13 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2017/07/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 9.299 [pii]
AID - 10.4168/aair.2017.9.4.299 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2017 Jul;9(4):299-306. doi: 
      10.4168/aair.2017.9.4.299.