PMID- 28509678
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20180119
LR  - 20181202
IS  - 1531-7013 (Electronic)
IS  - 1087-2418 (Linking)
VI  - 22
IP  - 4
DP  - 2017 Aug
TI  - Becoming a chef in the human leukocyte antigen kitchen: interpretation and 
      modification of human leukocyte antigen-antibody assays.
PG  - 407-414
LID - 10.1097/MOT.0000000000000423 [doi]
AB  - PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Fluorescence-based human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibody 
      detection methods, including flow cytometric crossmatch and single antigen bead 
      assays revolutionized HLA antibody identification and assessment of immunological 
      risk in transplant candidates and patients. Nevertheless, these assays are not 
      flawless and their interpretation can be complex. This review highlights the 
      limitations of the single antigen bead and flow cytometric crossmatch assays and 
      discusses protocol modifications and interpretive approaches to address these 
      issues. RECENT FINDINGS: Several limitations of HLA antibody detection methods 
      have been identified in recent years. Protocol variability, denatured epitopes, 
      and interfering factors can all significantly impact the identification of 
      clinically relevant HLA antibodies. A number of solutions to address these 
      challenges have been developed. These include pretreatment of sera, method 
      standardization, and protocol modifications. In addition, HLA epitope-based 
      analysis approaches to improve interpretation of antibody test results have been 
      introduced. SUMMARY: In the 50 years, since Patel and Terasaki first developed 
      the crossmatch assay there have been remarkable advances in HLA antibody testing 
      methodology. However, with these advances, new problems emerged and solutions had 
      to be developed. As the technology continues to evolve, our methods and ability 
      to interpret results must keep pace to provide transplant patients with the best 
      possible care.
FAU - Liwski, Robert S
AU  - Liwski RS
AD  - aDepartment of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada 
      bDepartment of Pathology, Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
FAU - Greenshields, Anna L
AU  - Greenshields AL
FAU - Bray, Robert A
AU  - Bray RA
FAU - Gebel, Howard M
AU  - Gebel HM
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PL  - United States
TA  - Curr Opin Organ Transplant
JT  - Current opinion in organ transplantation
JID - 9717388
RN  - 0 (Antibodies)
RN  - 0 (HLA Antigens)
SB  - IM
MH  - Antibodies/*immunology
MH  - Flow Cytometry/*methods
MH  - HLA Antigens/*immunology
MH  - Histocompatibility Testing/*methods
MH  - Humans
EDAT- 2017/05/17 06:00
MHDA- 2018/01/20 06:00
CRDT- 2017/05/17 06:00
PHST- 2017/05/17 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/01/20 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2017/05/17 06:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1097/MOT.0000000000000423 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Curr Opin Organ Transplant. 2017 Aug;22(4):407-414. doi: 
      10.1097/MOT.0000000000000423.