PMID- 28521151
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20171003
LR  - 20181202
IS  - 1879-1514 (Electronic)
IS  - 0166-445X (Linking)
VI  - 188
DP  - 2017 Jul
TI  - Intracellular localization and toxicity of graphene oxide and reduced graphene 
      oxide nanoplatelets to mussel hemocytes in vitro.
PG  - 138-147
LID - S0166-445X(17)30127-3 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.04.016 [doi]
AB  - Recently, graphene materials have attracted tremendous research interest due to 
      their unique physicochemical properties that hold great promise in electronics, 
      energy, materials and biomedical areas. Graphene oxide (GO) is one of the most 
      extensively studied graphene derivatives. In order to improve GO electrical 
      properties, nanoplatelets are chemically reduced, thus increasing nanoplatelet 
      conductivity. This reduced GO (rGO) shows different properties and behavior 
      compared to GO. Graphene-based wastes are expected to end up in the marine 
      environment. Here we aimed to assess the potential toxic effects of GO and rGO to 
      marine organisms by using in vitro assays with mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) 
      hemocytes. Cells were exposed to a wide range of concentrations (up to 100mg/L) 
      of GO (with and without polyvinylpyrrolidone-PVP as stabilizing agent: GO and 
      GO-PVP) and rGO with PVP (rGO-PVP) to assess cytotoxicity and cell membrane 
      integrity. Then, cells were exposed to sublethal concentrations of GO and rGO-PVP 
      to assess their subcellular distribution through transmission electron microscopy 
      (TEM) and to evaluate their effects on ROS production. GO, GO-PVP and rGO-PVP 
      showed low and concentration-dependent cytotoxicity. rGO-PVP (LC50=29.902 and 
      33.94mg/L depending on the origin) was more toxic than GO (LC50=49.84 and 
      54.51mg/L depending on the origin) and GO-PVP (LC50=43.72mg/L). PVP was not toxic 
      to hemocytes but increased bioavailability and toxicity of nanoplatelets. At TEM, 
      GO and rGO-PVP nanoplatelets caused invaginations and perforations of the plasma 
      membrane, which agrees with the observed decrease in cell membrane integrity. 
      Nanoplatelets were internalized, at a higher extent for rGO-PVP than for GO, and 
      found in the cytosol and in endolysosomal vesicles of hemocytes. Both GO and 
      rGO-PVP increased ROS production at the highest sublethal concentration tested. 
      In conclusion, GO, GO-PVP and rGO-PVP are not highly toxic to mussel cells but 
      they cause membrane damage and their toxicity is ROS-mediated. Finally, in vitro 
      assays with mussel hemocytes are sensitive tools to detect toxic effects of 
      graphene-based nanomaterials.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Katsumiti, Alberto
AU  - Katsumiti A
AD  - CBET Research Group, Dept. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science 
      and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and 
      Biotechnology PIE, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Basque Country, 
      Spain.
FAU - Tomovska, Radmila
AU  - Tomovska R
AD  - POLYMAT and Dept. Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the 
      Basque Country UPV/EHU, Basque Country, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for 
      Science, Basque Country, Spain.
FAU - Cajaraville, Miren P
AU  - Cajaraville MP
AD  - CBET Research Group, Dept. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science 
      and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and 
      Biotechnology PIE, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Basque Country, 
      Spain. Electronic address: mirenp.cajaraville@ehu.eus.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20170428
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Aquat Toxicol
JT  - Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands)
JID - 8500246
RN  - 0 (Oxides)
RN  - 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical)
RN  - 7782-42-5 (Graphite)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Cell Survival/drug effects
MH  - Cytosol/metabolism
MH  - Graphite/*toxicity
MH  - Hemocytes/*drug effects/metabolism
MH  - Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
MH  - Mytilus
MH  - Nanostructures/*toxicity/ultrastructure
MH  - Oxides/*toxicity
MH  - Water Pollutants, Chemical/*toxicity
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Cytotoxicity
OT  - Graphene oxide (GO) and reduced GO
OT  - Intracellular localization
OT  - Membrane damage
OT  - Mussel hemocytes
OT  - ROS production
EDAT- 2017/05/19 06:00
MHDA- 2017/10/04 06:00
CRDT- 2017/05/19 06:00
PHST- 2016/12/05 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2017/04/18 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2017/04/27 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2017/05/19 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/10/04 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2017/05/19 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0166-445X(17)30127-3 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.04.016 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Aquat Toxicol. 2017 Jul;188:138-147. doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.04.016. Epub 
      2017 Apr 28.