PMID- 28526336
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20180706
LR  - 20181202
IS  - 1879-3150 (Electronic)
IS  - 0041-0101 (Linking)
VI  - 133
DP  - 2017 Jul
TI  - Activation of Na(+)/H(+) exchanger other than formation of transmembrane pore 
      underlies the cytotoxicity of nematocyst venom from Chrysaora helvola Brandt 
      jellyfish.
PG  - 162-168
LID - S0041-0101(17)30154-X [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.05.016 [doi]
AB  - We previously reported unexpected apoptosis-like cell death induced by nematocyst 
      venom (NV) from Chrysaora helvola Brandt (C. helvola) jellyfish. To assess 
      whether the pore formation mechanism underlay the action of NV, the change in 
      cell membrane permeability was studied in both chicken erythrocytes and human 
      CNE-2 cells. Initially, paradoxical results were derived from osmoprotectant 
      protection assays. Polyethylene glycol (PEG)(2000), which completely inhibited 
      the NV induced hemolysis, failed to protect CNE-2 cells. Detailed experiments 
      showed that PEG protection from hemolysis is concentration dependent and 
      indicated caution when estimating the pore size formed by NV with the osmotic 
      protection method. NV-treated CNE-2 cells remained impermeable to dyes with 
      various molecular weights (MWs) (622.6-40,000 Da). Furthermore, membrane 
      depolarization and selective permeability to Na(+) other than K(+) were induced 
      in CNE-2 cells. No oxidative damage to the cell membrane was detected. Amiloride, 
      an inhibitor of Na(+)/H(+) exchanger (NHE), substantially protected both 
      CNE-2 cells and erythrocytes from NV. Combined with the previously reported 
      increase in intracellular pH, we supposed that NV activated plasma membrane NHE 
      without forming transmembrane pores. Interestingly, glutathione (GSH) showed 
      significant protection to CNE-2 cells while potentiating the hemolytic power of 
      NV. This finding may suggest a key role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the 
      cytotoxicity of NV. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that a 
      hemolytic jellyfish venom acts through NHE in a manner other than compromising 
      membrane integrity. The current work provides new insight into the arsenal of 
      toxic jellyfishes.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Fan, Lanlan
AU  - Fan L
AD  - School of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 530001, Nanning, 
      China.
FAU - Luo, Jun
AU  - Luo J
AD  - School of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 530001, Nanning, 
      China.
FAU - Li, Xiaoyong
AU  - Li X
AD  - National Engineering Laboratory of Southwest Endangered Medicinal Resources 
      Development, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, 530023, Nanning, 
      China.
FAU - Chen, Ming
AU  - Chen M
AD  - State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal 
      Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, 541004, 
      Guilin, China.
FAU - Shu, Wei
AU  - Shu W
AD  - Department of Cell Biology & Genetics, Guangxi Medicinal University, Nanning, 
      530021, China.
FAU - Qu, Xiaosheng
AU  - Qu X
AD  - National Engineering Laboratory of Southwest Endangered Medicinal Resources 
      Development, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, 530023, Nanning, 
      China. Electronic address: 239653129@qq.com.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20170517
PL  - England
TA  - Toxicon
JT  - Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology
JID - 1307333
RN  - 0 (Cnidarian Venoms)
RN  - 0 (Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers)
RN  - 3WJQ0SDW1A (Polyethylene Glycols)
RN  - GAN16C9B8O (Glutathione)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Cell Line, Tumor
MH  - Cell Membrane Permeability
MH  - Chickens
MH  - Cnidarian Venoms/*toxicity
MH  - Glutathione/metabolism
MH  - Hemolysis
MH  - Humans
MH  - Polyethylene Glycols
MH  - *Scyphozoa
MH  - Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers/*metabolism
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Chrysaora helvola Brandt
OT  - Glutathione
OT  - Na(+) influx
OT  - Na(+)/H(+) exchanger
OT  - Nematocyst venom
OT  - Permeability
EDAT- 2017/05/21 06:00
MHDA- 2018/07/07 06:00
CRDT- 2017/05/21 06:00
PHST- 2016/11/19 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2017/04/25 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2017/05/15 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2017/05/21 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/07/07 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2017/05/21 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0041-0101(17)30154-X [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.05.016 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Toxicon. 2017 Jul;133:162-168. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.05.016. Epub 2017 May 
      17.