PMID- 28532014 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20180206 LR - 20181202 IS - 1873-0191 (Electronic) IS - 0928-4931 (Linking) VI - 77 DP - 2017 Aug 1 TI - Advanced review of graphene-based nanomaterials in drug delivery systems: Synthesis, modification, toxicity and application. PG - 1363-1375 LID - S0928-4931(17)30263-1 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.msec.2017.03.196 [doi] AB - The discovery of graphene, a notable achievement in the field of novel carbon nanomaterials, has triggered the worldwide exploration of the biomedical applications of this material since 2004 because of its unique properties. The two-dimensional planar structure, large surface area, chemical stability, mechanical stability, and good biocompatibility of graphene are promising for applications in drug delivery systems (DDSs). In this review, we briefly discuss the characteristics, synthesis, and modification of graphene. We also investigate its toxicity and its applications in DDSs, with several representative examples. This review presents a comprehensive summary of graphene-based nanomaterials from their characteristics to their synthesis and applications, as well as their in vitro and in vivo evaluation in medicine. This paper provides a guiding strategy for the selection of optimal approaches to the fabrication of nanocarriers that are suitable for medical treatments and to controlling the toxicity within therapeutic safety limits. The promising achievements made with graphene-based nanomaterials indicate several possibilities for further biomedical research, as well as theoretical and applied development. CI - Copyright (c) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. FAU - Zhang, Qi AU - Zhang Q AD - Experiment Center for Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China. FAU - Wu, Zhuona AU - Wu Z AD - Experiment Center for Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China. FAU - Li, Ning AU - Li N AD - Division of Life Science, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China. FAU - Pu, Yiqiong AU - Pu Y AD - Experiment Center for Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China. FAU - Wang, Bing AU - Wang B AD - Experiment Center for Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China. Electronic address: annabel_cn@163.com. FAU - Zhang, Tong AU - Zhang T AD - Experiment Center for Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China. Electronic address: zhangtdmj@hotmail.com. FAU - Tao, Jiansheng AU - Tao J AD - School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China. Electronic address: taojs@sohu.com. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20170323 PL - Netherlands TA - Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl JT - Materials science & engineering. C, Materials for biological applications JID - 101484109 RN - 7782-42-5 (Graphite) SB - IM MH - Biomedical Research MH - Drug Delivery Systems MH - Graphite MH - Humans MH - *Nanostructures OTO - NOTNLM OT - Drug delivery system OT - Graphene OT - Modification OT - Nanomaterials OT - Toxicity EDAT- 2017/05/24 06:00 MHDA- 2018/02/07 06:00 CRDT- 2017/05/24 06:00 PHST- 2017/01/21 00:00 [received] PHST- 2017/03/21 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2017/03/22 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2017/05/24 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2017/05/24 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2018/02/07 06:00 [medline] AID - S0928-4931(17)30263-1 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.msec.2017.03.196 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2017 Aug 1;77:1363-1375. doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.03.196. Epub 2017 Mar 23.