PMID- 28540289 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20200930 IS - 2296-634X (Print) IS - 2296-634X (Electronic) IS - 2296-634X (Linking) VI - 5 DP - 2017 TI - Stem Cell-Induced Biobridges as Possible Tools to Aid Neuroreconstruction after CNS Injury. PG - 51 LID - 10.3389/fcell.2017.00051 [doi] LID - 51 AB - Notch-induced mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) mediate a distinct mechanism of repair after brain injury by forming a biobridge that facilitates biodistribution of host cells from a neurogenic niche to the area of injury. We have observed the biobridge in an area between the subventricular zone and the injured cortex using immunohistochemistry and laser capture. Cells in the biobridge express high levels of extracellular matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), specifically MMP-9, which co-localized with a trail of MSCs graft. The transplanted stem cells then become almost undetectable, being replaced by newly recruited host cells. This stem cell-paved biobridge provides support for distal migration of host cells from the subventricular zone to the site of injury. Biobridge formation by transplanted stem cells seems to have a fundamental role in initiating endogenous repair processes. Two major stem cell-mediated repair mechanisms have been proposed thus far: direct cell replacement by transplanted grafts and bystander effects through the secretion of trophic factors including fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2), epidermal growth factor (EGF), stem cell factor (SCF), erythropoietin, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) among others. This groundbreaking observation of biobridge formation by transplanted stem cells represents a novel mechanism for stem cell mediated brain repair. Future studies on graft-host interaction will likely establish biobridge formation as a fundamental mechanism underlying therapeutic effects of stem cells and contribute to the scientific pursuit of developing safe and efficient therapies not only for traumatic brain injury but also for other neurological disorders. The aim of this review is to hypothetically extend concepts related to the formation of biobridges in other central nervous system disorders. FAU - Lee, Jea Y AU - Lee JY AD - Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of MedicineTampa, FL, USA. FAU - Xu, Kaya AU - Xu K AD - Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of MedicineTampa, FL, USA. FAU - Nguyen, Hung AU - Nguyen H AD - Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of MedicineTampa, FL, USA. FAU - Guedes, Vivian A AU - Guedes VA AD - Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of MedicineTampa, FL, USA. FAU - Borlongan, Cesar V AU - Borlongan CV AD - Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of MedicineTampa, FL, USA. FAU - Acosta, Sandra A AU - Acosta SA AD - Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of MedicineTampa, FL, USA. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20170510 PL - Switzerland TA - Front Cell Dev Biol JT - Frontiers in cell and developmental biology JID - 101630250 PMC - PMC5424542 OTO - NOTNLM OT - cell transplantation OT - extracellular matrix OT - neurogenesis OT - regenerative medicine OT - trauma EDAT- 2017/05/26 06:00 MHDA- 2017/05/26 06:01 PMCR- 2017/01/01 CRDT- 2017/05/26 06:00 PHST- 2017/03/16 00:00 [received] PHST- 2017/04/21 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2017/05/26 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2017/05/26 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2017/05/26 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2017/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.3389/fcell.2017.00051 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Front Cell Dev Biol. 2017 May 10;5:51. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2017.00051. eCollection 2017.