PMID- 28548649
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20180223
LR  - 20181113
IS  - 1476-5454 (Electronic)
IS  - 0950-222X (Print)
IS  - 0950-222X (Linking)
VI  - 31
IP  - 10
DP  - 2017 Oct
TI  - Aqueous humor endothelin-1 and total retinal blood flow in patients with 
      non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
PG  - 1443-1450
LID - 10.1038/eye.2017.74 [doi]
AB  - PurposeThe purpose of this study was to determine the association between aqueous 
      ET-1 levels and total retinal blood flow (TRBF) in patients with 
      non-insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and early non-proliferative 
      diabetic retinopathy (NPDR).Patients and methodsA total of 15 age-matched 
      controls and 15 T2DM patients with NPDR were recruited into the study. Aqueous 
      humor (~80-120 mul) was collected before cataract surgery to measure the levels of 
      ET-1 using suspension multiplex array technology. Four weeks post surgery, six 
      images were acquired to assess TRBF using the prototype RTVue Doppler FD-OCT 
      (Optovue, Inc., Fremont, CA, USA) with a double circular scan protocol. At the 
      same visit, forearm blood was collected to determine plasma glycosylated 
      hemoglobin (A1c) levels.ResultsAqueous ET-1 was significantly elevated in the 
      NPDR group compared with the control group (3.5+/-1.8 vs 2.2+/-0.8, P=0.02). TRBF was 
      found to be significantly reduced in the NPDR group compared with the control 
      group (34.5+/-9.1 vs 44.1+/-4.6 mul/min, P=0.002). TRBF and aqueous ET-1 were not 
      correlated within the NPDR group (r=-0.24, P=0.22). In a multivariate analysis, 
      high A1c was associated with reduced TRBF and aqueous ET-1 levels across control 
      and NPDR groups (P<0.01).ConclusionAqueous ET-1 levels were increased while TRBF 
      was reduced in patients with NPDR compared with the control group. Although not 
      directly associated, the vasoconstrictory effects of ET-1 are consistent with a 
      reduced TRBF observed in early DR. ET-1 dysregulation may contribute to a 
      reduction in retinal blood flow during early DR.
FAU - Khuu, L-A
AU  - Khuu LA
AD  - Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
AD  - Vision Science and Ophthalmology, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
FAU - Tayyari, F
AU  - Tayyari F
AD  - School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, 
      Canada.
FAU - Sivak, J M
AU  - Sivak JM
AD  - Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
FAU - Flanagan, J G
AU  - Flanagan JG
AD  - Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
AD  - Vision Science and Ophthalmology, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
AD  - School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, 
      Canada.
FAU - Singer, S
AU  - Singer S
AD  - Vision Science and Ophthalmology, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
FAU - Brent, M H
AU  - Brent MH
AD  - Vision Science and Ophthalmology, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
FAU - Huang, D
AU  - Huang D
AD  - Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
FAU - Tan, O
AU  - Tan O
AD  - Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
FAU - Hudson, C
AU  - Hudson C
AD  - Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
AD  - Vision Science and Ophthalmology, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
AD  - School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, 
      Canada.
LA  - eng
GR  - DP3 DK104397/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 EY023285/EY/NEI NIH HHS/United States
GR  - UL1 TR000128/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20170526
PL  - England
TA  - Eye (Lond)
JT  - Eye (London, England)
JID - 8703986
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers)
RN  - 0 (Endothelin-1)
SB  - IM
MH  - Aged
MH  - Aqueous Humor/*metabolism
MH  - Biomarkers/metabolism
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*complications
MH  - Diabetic Retinopathy/etiology/metabolism/*physiopathology
MH  - Endothelin-1/*metabolism
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Regional Blood Flow/*physiology
MH  - Retinal Vessels/diagnostic imaging/*physiopathology
MH  - Tomography, Optical Coherence/methods
PMC - PMC5639192
COIS- DH and OT have significant financial interest in Optovue, a company that may have 
      a commercial interest in the results of this research and technology. CH received 
      support in terms of loaned equipment and funding for research. These potential 
      conflicts of interest have been reviewed and managed by the Research Ethics Board 
      of the University Health Network, Toronto and by Oregon Health & Science 
      University. The remaining authors declared no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2017/05/27 06:00
MHDA- 2018/02/24 06:00
PMCR- 2018/10/01
CRDT- 2017/05/27 06:00
PHST- 2015/07/19 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2017/03/14 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2017/05/27 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/02/24 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2017/05/27 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2018/10/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - eye201774 [pii]
AID - 10.1038/eye.2017.74 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Eye (Lond). 2017 Oct;31(10):1443-1450. doi: 10.1038/eye.2017.74. Epub 2017 May 
      26.