PMID- 28551715
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20181231
LR  - 20181231
IS  - 1432-2072 (Electronic)
IS  - 0033-3158 (Print)
IS  - 0033-3158 (Linking)
VI  - 235
IP  - 2
DP  - 2018 Feb
TI  - Direct comparison of the acute subjective, emotional, autonomic, and endocrine 
      effects of MDMA, methylphenidate, and modafinil in healthy subjects.
PG  - 467-479
LID - 10.1007/s00213-017-4650-5 [doi]
AB  - RATIONALE: 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is used recreationally and 
      investigated as an adjunct to psychotherapy. Methylphenidate and modafinil are 
      psychostimulants that are used to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder 
      and narcolepsy, respectively, but they are also misused as cognitive enhancers. 
      Little is known about differences in the acute effects of equally cardiostimulant 
      doses of these stimulant-type substances compared directly within the same 
      subjects. METHODS: We investigated the acute autonomic, subjective, endocrine, 
      and emotional effects of single doses of MDMA (125 mg), methylphenidate (60 mg), 
      modafinil (600 mg), and placebo in a double-blind, cross-over study in 24 healthy 
      participants. Acute drug effects were tested using psychometric scales, the 
      Facial Emotion Recognition Task (FERT), and the Sexual Arousal and Desire 
      Inventory (SADI). RESULTS: All active drugs produced comparable hemodynamic and 
      adverse effects. MDMA produced greater increases in pupil dilation, subjective 
      good drug effects, drug liking, happiness, trust, well-being, and alterations in 
      consciousness than methylphenidate or modafinil. Only MDMA reduced subjective 
      anxiety and impaired fear recognition and led to misclassifications of emotions 
      as happy on the FERT. On the SADI, only MDMA produced sexual arousal-like 
      effects. Only MDMA produced marked increases in cortisol, prolactin, and 
      oxytocin. In contrast to MDMA, methylphenidate increased subjective anxiety, and 
      methylphenidate and modafinil increased misclassifications of emotions as angry 
      on the FERT. Modafinil had no significant subjective drug effects but significant 
      sympathomimetic and adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS: MDMA induced subjective, 
      emotional, sexual, and endocrine effects that were clearly distinct from those of 
      methylphenidate and modafinil at the doses used.
FAU - Dolder, Patrick C
AU  - Dolder PC
AD  - Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biomedicine, 
      Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel and University of 
      Basel, Schanzenstrasse 55, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland.
FAU - Muller, Felix
AU  - Muller F
AD  - Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
FAU - Schmid, Yasmin
AU  - Schmid Y
AD  - Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biomedicine, 
      Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel and University of 
      Basel, Schanzenstrasse 55, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland.
FAU - Borgwardt, Stefan J
AU  - Borgwardt SJ
AD  - Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
FAU - Liechti, Matthias E
AU  - Liechti ME
AD  - Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biomedicine, 
      Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel and University of 
      Basel, Schanzenstrasse 55, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland. matthias.liechti@usb.ch.
LA  - eng
SI  - ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT01951508
GR  - no/Universitat Basel/International
GR  - 320030_170249/Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Forderung der Wissenschaftlichen 
      Forschung/International
PT  - Comparative Study
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Randomized Controlled Trial
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20170527
PL  - Germany
TA  - Psychopharmacology (Berl)
JT  - Psychopharmacology
JID - 7608025
RN  - 0 (Central Nervous System Stimulants)
RN  - 0 (Hallucinogens)
RN  - 207ZZ9QZ49 (Methylphenidate)
RN  - KE1SEN21RM (N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine)
RN  - R3UK8X3U3D (Modafinil)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Arousal/*drug effects/physiology
MH  - Autonomic Nervous System/drug effects/physiology
MH  - Central Nervous System Stimulants/pharmacology
MH  - Cross-Over Studies
MH  - Double-Blind Method
MH  - Emotions/*drug effects/physiology
MH  - Facial Recognition/*drug effects/physiology
MH  - Female
MH  - Hallucinogens/pharmacology
MH  - Healthy Volunteers
MH  - Humans
MH  - Libido/drug effects/physiology
MH  - Male
MH  - Methylphenidate/*pharmacology
MH  - Modafinil/*pharmacology
MH  - N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine/*pharmacology
MH  - Sexual Behavior/drug effects/physiology/psychology
MH  - Young Adult
PMC - PMC5813072
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Emotion recognition
OT  - MDMA
OT  - Methylphenidate
OT  - Modafinil
OT  - Sexual arousal
COIS- The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and 
      approved by the local ethics committee. All of the subjects provided written 
      consent before participating in the study. CONFLICT OF INTEREST: The authors 
      declare that they have no conflict of interest. FUNDING: This work was supported 
      by the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant no. 320030_170249 to MEL and SB) 
      and the University of Basel (to FM).
EDAT- 2017/05/30 06:00
MHDA- 2019/01/01 06:00
PMCR- 2017/05/27
CRDT- 2017/05/29 06:00
PHST- 2017/02/21 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2017/05/09 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2017/05/30 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/01/01 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2017/05/29 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2017/05/27 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1007/s00213-017-4650-5 [pii]
AID - 4650 [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s00213-017-4650-5 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2018 Feb;235(2):467-479. doi: 
      10.1007/s00213-017-4650-5. Epub 2017 May 27.