PMID- 28552210
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20170831
LR  - 20220318
IS  - 0740-2570 (Print)
IS  - 0740-2570 (Linking)
VI  - 34
IP  - 4
DP  - 2017 Jul
TI  - Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS): What pathologists should 
      know.
PG  - 340-351
LID - S0740-2570(17)30055-2 [pii]
LID - 10.1053/j.semdp.2017.04.010 [doi]
AB  - Antiretroviral therapy has significantly improved the quality and length of life 
      for those patients able to access effective and sustained treatment. The 
      resulting restoration of the immune response is associated with a change in the 
      clinical presentation of opportunistic infections, and the histologic reaction to 
      pathogens. A complex combination of alterations in host response across the 
      stages of HIV infection has been documented over the past 3 decades. The defects 
      are seen in both acute and chronic phases of inflammation and involve innate and 
      adaptive immunity. In advanced stages of HIV infection, the marked disruption of 
      lymphoid tissue and loss of follicular dendritic cells limits the host's ability 
      to process antigen and mount specific responses to pathogens. There are 
      qualitative and quantitative defects in CD4 T cells due to HIV infection. The 
      resulting indirect effects include loss of cytokine production, dysregulation of 
      B-cell function, loss of cellular mediated immunity and "holes" in the 
      immunologic repertoire that may not be restored with the use of antiretroviral 
      therapy. Immune reconstitution allows the host to respond to and control 
      infection, but a significant number of patients will have atypical inflammatory 
      syndromes during the recovery period. We briefly discuss the impact of HIV 
      infection on the immune system and give an overview of the spectrum of conditions 
      attributed to the Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory syndrome (IRIS).
CI  - Copyright (c) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
FAU - Nelson, Ann Marie
AU  - Nelson AM
AD  - InPaLa Consulting, Washington, DC, USA. Electronic address: amnpath62@gmail.com.
FAU - Manabe, Yukari C
AU  - Manabe YC
AD  - Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
FAU - Lucas, Sebastian B
AU  - Lucas SB
AD  - Guy's & St Thomas' Hospitals, London, UK.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20170426
PL  - United States
TA  - Semin Diagn Pathol
JT  - Seminars in diagnostic pathology
JID - 8502262
RN  - 0 (Anti-Retroviral Agents)
SB  - IM
MH  - Anti-Retroviral Agents/adverse effects
MH  - *HIV Infections/drug therapy
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome
MH  - Pathology, Clinical
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - AIDS
OT  - Antiretroviral therapy
OT  - HIV
OT  - IRIS
OT  - Immune reconstitution
OT  - Immune restoration
OT  - Opportunistic infections
EDAT- 2017/05/30 06:00
MHDA- 2017/09/01 06:00
CRDT- 2017/05/30 06:00
PHST- 2017/05/30 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/09/01 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2017/05/30 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0740-2570(17)30055-2 [pii]
AID - 10.1053/j.semdp.2017.04.010 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Semin Diagn Pathol. 2017 Jul;34(4):340-351. doi: 10.1053/j.semdp.2017.04.010. 
      Epub 2017 Apr 26.