PMID- 28553603
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20240326
IS  - 2230-8210 (Print)
IS  - 2230-9500 (Electronic)
IS  - 2230-9500 (Linking)
VI  - 21
IP  - 3
DP  - 2017 May-Jun
TI  - An Audit of Insulin Usage and Insulin Injection Practices in a Large Indian 
      Cohort.
PG  - 443-452
LID - 10.4103/ijem.IJEM_548_16 [doi]
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Insulin remains the cornerstone of therapy in a substantial number 
      of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Inadequate knowledge regarding 
      insulin usage is likely to influence its acceptance and adherence, and outcome of 
      therapy, underscoring great need to investigate knowledge, attitude, and practice 
      of insulin usage in patients with T2DM. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional 
      registry-based retrospective study analyzed data collected from 748 respondents 
      (male: 466, female: 282), mostly from high or middle economic status, who were 
      enrolled as outpatient in a referral clinic during last 10 years (2006-2016), to 
      assess the general characteristics of patients with type 2 diabetes and their 
      baseline knowledge, attitude, and practice of insulin usage and injection 
      practices. RESULTS: Mean +/- standard deviation (SD) of duration of diabetes was 
      12.24 +/- 7.60 years and mean +/- SD duration of insulin therapy was 3.42 +/- 4.18 
      years, which was initiated after a mean +/- SD diabetes duration of 8.80 +/- 6.42 
      years. Mean insulin dose per kilogram of body weight/day was 0.51 +/- 0.27 units. 
      Total daily dose of insulin was 33.36 +/- 18.44 units and number of injections/day 
      (mean +/- SD) was 2.06 +/- 0.73. Among the respondents, 58.96% were on human insulin 
      and 35.70% were on analog insulin. Pen devices were used by 66.08% of the 
      population whereas 31.76% used insulin syringes. The prevalence of 
      lipohypertrophy (LH) was 12.57%, which was significantly (P < 0.001) associated 
      with wrong technique with regard to injection angle (10.45% vs. 23.02%), site of 
      injection (7.00% vs. 30.51%), rotation of site of injection (0.88% vs. 17.66%), 
      and reuse of needle (5.77% vs. 15.19%). LH was also significantly (P < 0.05) 
      associated with the use of human (14.74%) compared to analog insulin (8.24%). 
      CONCLUSION: The current study highlights the unique patterns of insulin usage and 
      associated high prevalence of LH among insulin users in India.
FAU - Baruah, Manash P
AU  - Baruah MP
AD  - Consultant Endocrinologist, Excel Care Hospital, Guwahati, Assam, India.
FAU - Kalra, Sanjay
AU  - Kalra S
AD  - Cosultant Endocrinologist, Bharti Hospital and BRIDE, Karnal, Haryana, India.
FAU - Bose, Saptarshi
AU  - Bose S
AD  - Scientific Advisor, Biocon Limited, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
FAU - Deka, Jumi
AU  - Deka J
AD  - Diabetic Counselor, Excel Care Hospital, Guwahati, Assam, India.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - India
TA  - Indian J Endocrinol Metab
JT  - Indian journal of endocrinology and metabolism
JID - 101555690
PMC - PMC5434731
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Diabetes
OT  - injection technique
OT  - insulin
OT  - lipodystrophy
OT  - lipohypertrophy
EDAT- 2017/05/30 06:00
MHDA- 2017/05/30 06:01
PMCR- 2017/05/01
CRDT- 2017/05/30 06:00
PHST- 2017/05/30 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2017/05/30 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/05/30 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2017/05/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - IJEM-21-443 [pii]
AID - 10.4103/ijem.IJEM_548_16 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2017 May-Jun;21(3):443-452. doi: 
      10.4103/ijem.IJEM_548_16.