PMID- 28566957
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20200929
IS  - 1300-0667 (Print)
IS  - 1309-4866 (Electronic)
IS  - 1300-0667 (Linking)
VI  - 54
IP  - 1
DP  - 2017 Mar
TI  - Additive Effects of Former Methylenedioxymethamphetamine and Cannabis Use on 
      Subclinical Psychotic Symptoms.
PG  - 38-42
LID - 10.5152/npa.2017.16964 [doi]
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is an amphetamine-derived 
      psychostimulant, usually known as "ecstasy." The long-term neuropsychological 
      effects of MDMA are examined in several studies with conflicting results. The 
      most common findings reported are depression, anxiety, and memory and attention 
      deficits. In addition to acute psychotic reactions observed after MDMA use, 
      serotonergic and dopaminergic toxicities may increase the psychosis risk in the 
      long-term. Cannabis usage among MDMA users is very high. The aim of this study 
      was, therefore, to examine the additive effects of cannabis and MDMA on 
      subclinical psychotic symptoms (SPS). METHODS: Here, 131 healthy controls (hC), 
      54 former cannabis and MDMA users (C&M), and 46 former cannabis users (C) were 
      evaluated for SPS. The definition of former user was based on the Munich 
      Composite International Diagnostic Interview. The SPS scores were assessed by 
      using the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ). The relationship between 
      substance-free periods and total MDMA exposure with SPS was also examined. 
      RESULTS: The C&M group had higher levels of SPS than both C and hC groups. This 
      is true not only for the total SPQ scores but both positive and negative 
      schizotypy scores as well as cognitive-perceptual, disorganized, and 
      interpersonal schizotypy scores aligned hierarchically in the 3 study groups 
      (C&M>C>hC). The total MDMA exposure was positively correlated and MDMA-free 
      period was negatively correlated with the SPS score. CONCLUSION: We found that 
      the former use of cannabis and MDMA is associated with marked elevation in SPS. 
      Moreover, the exposure amount of MDMA and MDMA-free periods are important 
      determinants of SPS. The longer the cannabis and ecstasy free periods, the larger 
      is the waning of SPS.
FAU - Duman, Berker
AU  - Duman B
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
FAU - Sedes, Nilay
AU  - Sedes N
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
FAU - Baskak, Bora
AU  - Baskak B
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20170301
PL  - Turkey
TA  - Noro Psikiyatr Ars
JT  - Noro psikiyatri arsivi
JID - 9426194
PMC - PMC5439470
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Psychotic disorders
OT  - substance-induced psychosis
OT  - substance-related disorders
COIS- Conflict of Interests: No conflict of interest was declared by the authors.
EDAT- 2017/06/02 06:00
MHDA- 2017/06/02 06:01
PMCR- 2017/03/01
CRDT- 2017/06/02 06:00
PHST- 2016/02/23 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2016/04/15 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2017/06/02 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2017/06/02 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/06/02 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2017/03/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - npa-54-1-38 [pii]
AID - 10.5152/npa.2017.16964 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Noro Psikiyatr Ars. 2017 Mar;54(1):38-42. doi: 10.5152/npa.2017.16964. Epub 2017 
      Mar 1.