PMID- 28567021
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20200929
IS  - 1664-042X (Print)
IS  - 1664-042X (Electronic)
IS  - 1664-042X (Linking)
VI  - 8
DP  - 2017
TI  - Assessment of Fetal Development Using Cardiac Valve Intervals.
PG  - 313
LID - 10.3389/fphys.2017.00313 [doi]
LID - 313
AB  - An automated method to assess the fetal physiological development is introduced 
      which uses the component intervals between fetal cardiac valve timings and the 
      Q-wave of fetal electrocardiogram (fECG). These intervals were estimated 
      automatically from one-dimensional Doppler Ultrasound and noninvasive fECG. We 
      hypothesize that the fetal growth can be estimated by the cardiac valve 
      intervals. This hypothesis was evaluated by modeling the fetal development using 
      the cardiac intervals and validating against the gold standard gestational age 
      identified by Crown-Rump Length (CRL). Among the intervals, electromechanical 
      delay time, isovolumic contraction time, ventricular filling time and their 
      interactions were selected in a stepwise regression process that used gestational 
      age as the target in a cohort of 57 fetuses. Compared with the gold standard age, 
      the newly proposed regression model resulted in a mean absolute error of 3.8 
      weeks for all recordings and 2.7 weeks after excluding the low quality 
      recordings. Since Fetal Heart Rate Variability (FHRV) has been proposed in the 
      literature for assessing the fetal development, we compared the performance of 
      gestational age estimation by our new valve-interval based method, vs. FHRV, 
      while assuming the CRL as the gold standard. The valve interval-based method 
      outperformed both the model based on FHRV. Results of evaluation for 30 abnormal 
      cases showed that the new method is less affected by arrhythmias such as 
      tachycardia and bradycardia compared to FHRV, however certain types of heart 
      anomalies cause large errors (more than 10 weeks) with respect to the CRL-based 
      gold standard age. Therefore, discrepancies between the regression based 
      estimation and CRL age estimation could indicate the abnormalities. The cardiac 
      valve intervals have been known to reflect the autonomic function. Therefore the 
      new method potentially provides a novel approach for assessing the development of 
      fetal autonomic nervous system, which may be growth curve independent.
FAU - Marzbanrad, Faezeh
AU  - Marzbanrad F
AD  - Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering, Monash 
      UniversityClayton, VIC, Australia.
FAU - Khandoker, Ahsan H
AU  - Khandoker AH
AD  - Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department, University of 
      MelbourneMelbourne, VIC, Australia.
AD  - Biomedical Engineering Department, Khalifa University of Science, Technology and 
      ResearchAbu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
FAU - Kimura, Yoshitaka
AU  - Kimura Y
AD  - Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku UniversitySendai, Japan.
FAU - Palaniswami, Marimuthu
AU  - Palaniswami M
AD  - Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department, University of 
      MelbourneMelbourne, VIC, Australia.
FAU - Clifford, Gari D
AU  - Clifford GD
AD  - Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory UniversityAtlanta, GA, United States.
AD  - Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlanta, GA, 
      United States.
LA  - eng
GR  - R21 HD084114/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20170517
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Physiol
JT  - Frontiers in physiology
JID - 101549006
PMC - PMC5434138
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - 1D Doppler ultrasound
OT  - autonomic nervous system (ANS)
OT  - cardiotocography (CTG)
OT  - fetal development
OT  - fetal electrocardiography (fECG)
OT  - fetal monitoring
OT  - gestational age
OT  - systolic and diastolic time intervals
EDAT- 2017/06/02 06:00
MHDA- 2017/06/02 06:01
PMCR- 2017/05/17
CRDT- 2017/06/02 06:00
PHST- 2017/01/29 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2017/05/01 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2017/06/02 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2017/06/02 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/06/02 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2017/05/17 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/fphys.2017.00313 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Physiol. 2017 May 17;8:313. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00313. eCollection 
      2017.