PMID- 28595107
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20180202
LR  - 20210109
IS  - 1873-264X (Electronic)
IS  - 0731-7085 (Linking)
VI  - 143
DP  - 2017 Sep 5
TI  - Application of (1)H NMR spectroscopy to the metabolic phenotyping of rodent brain 
      extracts: A metabonomic study of gut microbial influence on host brain 
      metabolism.
PG  - 141-146
LID - S0731-7085(17)30648-9 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.05.040 [doi]
AB  - (1)H NMR Spectroscopy has been applied to determine the neurochemical profiles of 
      brain extracts from the frontal cortex and hippocampal regions of germ free and 
      normal mice and rats. The results revealed a number of differences between germ 
      free (GF) and conventional (CV) rats or specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice with 
      microbiome-associated metabolic variation found to be both species- and 
      region-dependent. In the mouse, the GF frontal cortex contained lower amounts of 
      creatine, N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA), glycerophosphocholine and lactate, but 
      greater amounts of choline compared to that of specific pathogen free (SPF) mice. 
      In the hippocampus, the GF mice had greater creatine, NAA, lactate and taurine 
      content compared to those of the SPF animals, but lower relative quantities of 
      succinate and an unidentified lipid-related component. The GF rat frontal cortex 
      contained higher relative quantities of lactate, creatine and NAA compared to the 
      CV animals whilst the GF hippocampus was characterized by higher taurine and 
      phosphocholine concentrations and lower quantities of NAA, 
      N-acetylaspartylglutamate and choline compared to the CV animals. Of note is 
      that, in both rat and mouse brain extracts, concentrations of hippocampal taurine 
      were found to be greater in the absence of an established microbiome. The results 
      provide further evidence that brain biochemistry can be influenced by gut 
      microbial status, specifically metabolites involved in energy metabolism 
      demonstrating biochemical dialogue between the microbiome and brain.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2017. Published by Elsevier B.V.
FAU - Swann, J R
AU  - Swann JR
AD  - Section of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, 
      Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, 
      UK. Electronic address: j.swann@imperial.ac.uk.
FAU - Garcia-Perez, I
AU  - Garcia-Perez I
AD  - Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 
      Huddinge, Sweden.
FAU - Braniste, V
AU  - Braniste V
AD  - Translational Safety, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 
      4TG, UK.
FAU - Wilson, I D
AU  - Wilson ID
AD  - Section of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, 
      Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, 
      UK. Electronic address: i.wilson@imperial.ac.uk.
FAU - Sidaway, J E
AU  - Sidaway JE
AD  - Translational Safety, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 
      4TG, UK.
FAU - Nicholson, J K
AU  - Nicholson JK
AD  - Section of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, 
      Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, 
      UK.
FAU - Pettersson, S
AU  - Pettersson S
AD  - Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 
      Huddinge, Sweden.
FAU - Holmes, E
AU  - Holmes E
AD  - Section of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, 
      Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, 
      UK.
LA  - eng
GR  - MR/N006321/1/MRC_/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20170531
PL  - England
TA  - J Pharm Biomed Anal
JT  - Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis
JID - 8309336
RN  - 0 (Dipeptides)
RN  - 1W8M12WXYL (isospaglumic acid)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - *Brain
MH  - Dipeptides
MH  - Gastrointestinal Microbiome
MH  - Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
MH  - Metabolomics
MH  - Mice
MH  - Rats
EDAT- 2017/06/09 06:00
MHDA- 2018/02/03 06:00
CRDT- 2017/06/09 06:00
PHST- 2017/03/15 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2017/05/24 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2017/05/25 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2017/06/09 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/02/03 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2017/06/09 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0731-7085(17)30648-9 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.05.040 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2017 Sep 5;143:141-146. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.05.040. 
      Epub 2017 May 31.