PMID- 28619172 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20180110 LR - 20180110 IS - 1873-2542 (Electronic) IS - 0378-1135 (Linking) VI - 203 DP - 2017 May TI - Genetic analysis of Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum biovar Pullorum based on characterization and evolution of CRISPR sequence. PG - 81-87 LID - S0378-1135(16)30477-1 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.02.010 [doi] AB - Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum biovar Pullorum (S. Pullorum) is the cause of pullorum disease, characterized by white diarrhea, which leads to high mortality in poultry. In this study, we aimed to assess the genetic diversity of 655 S. Pullorum strains from 1962 to 2015 in China, Europe, and South America. A sequence typing scheme based on clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) was used to reveal the genetic relationships among these strains in this study. Overall, a total of 20 Pullorum sequence types (PSTs) of CRISPR were identified in the 655 isolates with PST7 (74%, 486/655) and PST3 (13%, 86/655) to be the most two frequent PSTs belonging to two different lineages, which confirmed the genetic conservation of S. Pullorum strains isolated from six provinces and two direct-controlled municipalities (Beijing and Shanghai) in China. However, the identification of seven new PSTs distributed in strains isolated since 2001 implied that genetic variation continues to develop in S. Pullorum. Interestingly, the whole-genome single-nucleotide polymorphism typing (WGST) of 96 strains out of the 655 isolates divided them into four lineages based on SNP analysis of core genomic sequence and exhibit good correspondence with the CRISPR subtyping method. Notably, 22 out of 26 isolates from Europe and South America were distributed in five distinctive PSTs (with no Chinese strains). Additionally, CRISPR data of spacers and their arrangement exhibit subtle but distinct specificity between different strains, and the dynamic adaptive nature of CRISPR loci provides critical insights into the evolution of S. Pullorum as the bacteria are influenced by their environment. CI - Copyright (c) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. FAU - Xie, Xiaolei AU - Xie X AD - Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China. FAU - Hu, Yachen AU - Hu Y AD - Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China. FAU - Xu, Yaohui AU - Xu Y AD - College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Henan, China. FAU - Yin, Kequan AU - Yin K AD - Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China. FAU - Li, Yang AU - Li Y AD - Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China. FAU - Chen, Yun AU - Chen Y AD - Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China. FAU - Xia, Jie AU - Xia J AD - Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China. FAU - Xu, Lijuan AU - Xu L AD - Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China. FAU - Liu, Zijian AU - Liu Z AD - Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China. FAU - Geng, Shizhong AU - Geng S AD - Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China. FAU - Li, Qiuchun AU - Li Q AD - Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China. Electronic address: qcli@yzu.edu.cn. FAU - Jiao, Xinan AU - Jiao X AD - Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China. Electronic address: jiao@yzu.edu.cn. FAU - Chen, Xiang AU - Chen X AD - Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China. FAU - Pan, Zhiming AU - Pan Z AD - Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20170227 PL - Netherlands TA - Vet Microbiol JT - Veterinary microbiology JID - 7705469 SB - IM MH - Animals MH - China MH - Cluster Analysis MH - Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/*genetics MH - Evolution, Molecular MH - Phylogeny MH - Poultry MH - Poultry Diseases/*microbiology MH - Salmonella Infections, Animal/*microbiology MH - Salmonella enterica/classification/*genetics/immunology/isolation & purification MH - Sequence Analysis, DNA/veterinary MH - Serogroup OTO - NOTNLM OT - CRISPR OT - SNP OT - Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum biovar Pullorum (S. Pullorum) OT - Whole-genome single-nucleotide polymorphism typing (WGST) EDAT- 2017/06/18 06:00 MHDA- 2018/01/11 06:00 CRDT- 2017/06/17 06:00 PHST- 2016/10/13 00:00 [received] PHST- 2017/02/20 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2017/02/20 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2017/06/17 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2017/06/18 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2018/01/11 06:00 [medline] AID - S0378-1135(16)30477-1 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.02.010 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Vet Microbiol. 2017 May;203:81-87. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.02.010. Epub 2017 Feb 27.