PMID- 28646774
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20180807
LR  - 20181202
IS  - 1879-1026 (Electronic)
IS  - 0048-9697 (Linking)
VI  - 603-604
DP  - 2017 Dec 15
TI  - Observations of black carbon aerosols characteristics over an urban environment: 
      Radiative forcing and related implications.
PG  - 319-329
LID - S0048-9697(17)31486-9 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.082 [doi]
AB  - With observations of black carbon (BC) aerosol concentrations, optical and 
      radiative properties were obtained over the urban city of Karachi during the 
      period of March 2006-December 2008. BC concentrations were continuously measured 
      using an Aethalometer, while optical and radiative properties were estimated 
      through the Optical Properties of Aerosols and Clouds (OPAC) and Santa Barbra 
      DISORT Atmospheric Radiative Transfer (SBDART) models, respectively. For the 
      study period, the measured BC concentrations were higher during January, February 
      and November, while lower during May, June, July and August. A maximum peak value 
      was observed during January 2007 while the minimum value was observed during June 
      2006. The Short Wave (SW) BC Aerosol Radiative Forcing (ARF) both at Top of the 
      Atmosphere (ToA) and within ATMOSphere (ATMOS) were positive during all the 
      months, whereas negative SW BC ARF was found at the SurFaCe (SFC). Overall, SW BC 
      ARF was higher during January, February and November, while relatively lower ARF 
      was found during May, June, July and August. Conversely, the Long Wave (LW) BC 
      ARF at ToA and SFC remained positive, whereas within ATMOS it shifted towards 
      positive values (heating effect) during June-August. Finally, the net (SW+LW) BC 
      ARF were found to be positive at ToA and in ATMOS, while negative at SFC. 
      Moreover, a systematic increase in Atmospheric Heating Rate (AHR) was found 
      during October to January. Additionally, we found highest correlation between 
      Absorption Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD(abs)) and SW BC ARF within ATMOS followed 
      by SFC and ToA. Overall, the contribution of BC to the total ARF was found to 
      greater than 84% for the whole observational period while contributing up to 93% 
      during January 2007.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Bibi, Samina
AU  - Bibi S
AD  - Department of Physics, University of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
FAU - Alam, Khan
AU  - Alam K
AD  - Department of Physics, University of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. 
      Electronic address: khanalam@upesh.edu.pk.
FAU - Chishtie, Farrukh
AU  - Chishtie F
AD  - Theoretical Research Institute, Pakistan Academy of Sciences, Islamabad, 
      Pakistan.
FAU - Bibi, Humera
AU  - Bibi H
AD  - Department of Physics, University of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
FAU - Rahman, Said
AU  - Rahman S
AD  - Pakistan Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission (SUPARCO), P.O. Box 8402, 
      Off University Road, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20170621
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Sci Total Environ
JT  - The Science of the total environment
JID - 0330500
RN  - 0 (Aerosols)
RN  - 0 (Air Pollutants)
RN  - 0 (Soot)
SB  - IM
MH  - Aerosols/analysis
MH  - Air Pollutants/*analysis
MH  - Cities
MH  - *Environmental Monitoring
MH  - Pakistan
MH  - Seasons
MH  - Soot/*analysis
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - AOD
OT  - Absorbing aerosol
OT  - Black carbon
OT  - Forcing
OT  - OPAC
OT  - SBDART
EDAT- 2017/06/25 06:00
MHDA- 2018/08/08 06:00
CRDT- 2017/06/25 06:00
PHST- 2017/02/05 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2017/06/09 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2017/06/10 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2017/06/25 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/08/08 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2017/06/25 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0048-9697(17)31486-9 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.082 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Sci Total Environ. 2017 Dec 15;603-604:319-329. doi: 
      10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.082. Epub 2017 Jun 21.