PMID- 28649714
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20180430
LR  - 20180430
IS  - 1600-0838 (Electronic)
IS  - 0905-7188 (Linking)
VI  - 28
IP  - 2
DP  - 2018 Feb
TI  - Exercise during short-term exposure to hypoxia or hyperoxia - novel treatment 
      strategies for type 2 diabetic patients?!
PG  - 549-564
LID - 10.1111/sms.12937 [doi]
AB  - Both hypoxia (decreased oxygen availability) and hyperoxia (increased oxygen 
      availability) have been shown to alter exercise adaptations in healthy subjects. 
      This review aims to clarify the possible benefits of exercise during short-term 
      exposure to hypoxia or hyperoxia for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus 
      (T2DM). There is evidence that exercise during short-term exposure to hypoxia can 
      acutely increase skeletal muscle glucose uptake more than exercise in normoxia, 
      and that post-exercise insulin sensitivity in T2DM patients is more increased 
      when exercise is performed under hypoxic conditions. Furthermore, interventional 
      studies show that glycemic control can be improved through regular physical 
      exercise in short-term hypoxia at a lower workload than in normoxia, and that 
      exercise training in short-term hypoxia can contribute to increased weight loss 
      in overweight/obese (insulin-resistant) subjects. While numerous studies 
      involving healthy subjects report that regular exercise in hypoxia can increase 
      vascular health (skeletal muscle capillarization and vascular dilator function) 
      to a higher extent than exercise training in normoxia, there is no convincing 
      evidence yet that hypoxia has such additive effects in T2DM patients in the long 
      term. Some studies indicate that the use of hyperoxia during exercise can 
      decrease lactate concentrations and subjective ratings of perceived exertion. 
      Thus, there are interesting starting points for future studies to further 
      evaluate possible beneficial effects of exercise in short-term hypoxia or 
      hyperoxia at different oxygen concentrations and exposure durations. In general, 
      exposure to hypoxia/hyperoxia should be considered with caution. Possible health 
      risks-especially for T2DM patients-are also analyzed in this review.
CI  - (c) 2017 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
FAU - Brinkmann, C
AU  - Brinkmann C
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8419-7565
AD  - Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, Department of Molecular 
      and Cellular Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
AD  - Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, Department of Preventive 
      and Rehabilitative Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, 
      Germany.
FAU - Bloch, W
AU  - Bloch W
AD  - Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, Department of Molecular 
      and Cellular Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
FAU - Brixius, K
AU  - Brixius K
AD  - Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, Department of Molecular 
      and Cellular Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20170726
PL  - Denmark
TA  - Scand J Med Sci Sports
JT  - Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
JID - 9111504
RN  - 33X04XA5AT (Lactic Acid)
RN  - IY9XDZ35W2 (Glucose)
SB  - IM
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*therapy
MH  - *Exercise Therapy
MH  - Glucose/metabolism
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Hyperoxia
MH  - *Hypoxia
MH  - Insulin Resistance
MH  - Lactic Acid/blood
MH  - Muscle, Skeletal/physiology
MH  - Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - hyperoxia
OT  - hypoxia
OT  - physical training
OT  - type 2 diabetes
EDAT- 2017/06/27 06:00
MHDA- 2018/05/01 06:00
CRDT- 2017/06/27 06:00
PHST- 2017/06/16 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2017/06/27 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/05/01 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2017/06/27 06:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1111/sms.12937 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2018 Feb;28(2):549-564. doi: 10.1111/sms.12937. Epub 2017 
      Jul 26.