PMID- 28659405
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20170816
LR  - 20230216
IS  - 1541-6100 (Electronic)
IS  - 0022-3166 (Print)
IS  - 0022-3166 (Linking)
VI  - 147
IP  - 8
DP  - 2017 Aug
TI  - Fish Oil Contaminated with Persistent Organic Pollutants Induces Colonic Aberrant 
      Crypt Foci Formation and Reduces Antioxidant Enzyme Gene Expression in Rats.
PG  - 1524-1530
LID - 10.3945/jn.117.251082 [doi]
AB  - Background: Epidemiologic, clinical, and experimental studies have suggested that 
      fish oil (FO), a rich source of n-3 (omega-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids, protects 
      against colon cancer. However, this message is confounded by the FDA's warning 
      that the consumption of certain types of fish should be restricted because of 
      contamination with persistent organic pollutants (POPs), such as polychlorinated 
      biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides.Objective: We examined FO 
      contaminated with POPs (PCBs, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, and chlordane) 
      compared with unmodified FO on the risk factors of colon cancer 
      development.Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 28 d (n = 30) were allocated 
      into 3 groups and fed 15% corn oil (CO), FO, or POP-contaminated FO for 9 wk with 
      a subcutaneous injection of colon carcinogen azoxymethane at weeks 3 and 4. 
      Colonic aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and cell proliferation were enumerated, and the 
      gene expression of inflammation, antioxidant enzymes, and repair enzymes were 
      determined with the use of real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction 
      analysis.Results: FO-fed rats had a lower number of ACF (mean +/- SE: 29 +/- 4.0 for 
      FO compared with 53 +/- 8.4 for CO and 44 +/- 4.6 for POP FO) and higher-multiplicity 
      ACF than the CO and POP FO groups (4.7 +/- 0.9 for FO compared with 11 +/- 1.5 for CO 
      and 9.6 +/- 1.8 for POP FO) (P < 0.05). FO feeding lowered the proliferation index 
      compared with the CO and POP FO feeding groups (18% +/- 1.1% for FO compared with 
      25% +/- 1.6% for CO and 23% +/- 0.7% for POP FO) (P = 0.009). Superoxide dismutase 
      [2.4 +/- 0.6 relative quantification (RQ) for FO compared with 1.2 +/- 0.2 RQ for CO 
      and 1.3 +/- 0.3 RQ for POP FO] and catalase gene expression (10 +/- 2.0 RQ for FO 
      compared with 5.4 +/- 1.1 RQ for CO and 6.6 +/- 1.5 RQ for POP FO) were higher in the 
      FO group than in the CO and POP FO groups (P < 0.05). There were no differences 
      between CO and POP FO on the variables.Conclusion: These results indicate that 
      POPs in FO reduce the preventive effects of FO on colon carcinogenesis by 
      increasing preneoplastic lesion formation through the downregulation of 
      antioxidant enzyme expression and increasing cell proliferation in rats.
CI  - (c) 2017 American Society for Nutrition.
FAU - Hong, Mee Young
AU  - Hong MY
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1262-0074
AD  - School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences and mhong2@mail.sdsu.edu.
FAU - Hoh, Eunha
AU  - Hoh E
AD  - Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA; and.
FAU - Kang, Brian
AU  - Kang B
AD  - School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences and.
FAU - DeHamer, Rebecca
AU  - DeHamer R
AD  - School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences and.
FAU - Kim, Jin Young
AU  - Kim JY
AD  - Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South 
      Korea.
FAU - Lumibao, Jan
AU  - Lumibao J
AD  - School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences and.
LA  - eng
GR  - P01 ES021921/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20170628
PL  - United States
TA  - J Nutr
JT  - The Journal of nutrition
JID - 0404243
RN  - 0 (Antioxidants)
RN  - 0 (Fish Oils)
RN  - 0 (Pesticides)
RN  - 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical)
RN  - DFC2HB4I0K (Polychlorinated Biphenyls)
RN  - EC 1.11.1.6 (Catalase)
RN  - EC 1.15.1.1 (Superoxide Dismutase)
RN  - MO0N1J0SEN (Azoxymethane)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Antioxidants/*metabolism
MH  - Azoxymethane
MH  - Catalase/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Cell Proliferation
MH  - Colon/*drug effects/pathology
MH  - Colonic Neoplasms/chemically induced/pathology/*prevention & control
MH  - Dietary Supplements
MH  - Down-Regulation
MH  - *Drug Contamination
MH  - *Fish Oils/chemistry/therapeutic use
MH  - Fishes
MH  - Gene Expression
MH  - Intestinal Mucosa/*drug effects/pathology
MH  - Male
MH  - Pesticides/adverse effects
MH  - Polychlorinated Biphenyls/adverse effects
MH  - Rats, Sprague-Dawley
MH  - Superoxide Dismutase/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Water Pollutants, Chemical/*adverse effects
PMC - PMC5525110
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - aberrant crypt foci
OT  - antioxidant enzyme
OT  - colon
OT  - fish oil
OT  - persistent organic pollutants
COIS- Author disclosures: MYH, EH, BK, RD, JYK, and JL, no conflicts of interest.
EDAT- 2017/07/01 06:00
MHDA- 2017/08/17 06:00
PMCR- 2018/08/01
CRDT- 2017/06/30 06:00
PHST- 2017/03/14 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2017/03/28 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2017/06/05 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2017/07/01 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/08/17 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2017/06/30 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2018/08/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - S0022-3166(22)10830-8 [pii]
AID - 251082 [pii]
AID - 10.3945/jn.117.251082 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Nutr. 2017 Aug;147(8):1524-1530. doi: 10.3945/jn.117.251082. Epub 2017 Jun 28.