PMID- 28674106 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20180405 LR - 20181113 IS - 1573-4935 (Electronic) IS - 0144-8463 (Print) IS - 0144-8463 (Linking) VI - 37 IP - 4 DP - 2017 Aug 31 TI - CRISPR-Cas adaptive immunity and the three Rs. LID - BSR20160297 [pii] LID - 10.1042/BSR20160297 [doi] AB - In this summary, we focus on fundamental biology of Clustered Regularly Interspersed Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)-Cas (CRISPR-associated proteins) adaptive immunity in bacteria. Emphasis is placed on emerging information about functional interplay between Cas proteins and proteins that remodel DNA during homologous recombination (HR), DNA replication or DNA repair. We highlight how replication forks may act as 'trigger points' for CRISPR adaptation events, and the potential for cascade-interference complexes to act as precise roadblocks in DNA replication by an invader MGE (mobile genetic element), without the need for DNA double-strand breaks. CI - (c) 2017 The Author(s). FAU - Killelea, Tom AU - Killelea T AD - School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK tom.killelea@nottingham.ac.uk ed.bolt@nottingham.ac.uk. FAU - Bolt, Edward L AU - Bolt EL AD - School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK tom.killelea@nottingham.ac.uk ed.bolt@nottingham.ac.uk. LA - eng PT - Editorial DEP - 20170716 PL - England TA - Biosci Rep JT - Bioscience reports JID - 8102797 RN - 0 (DNA, Bacterial) SB - IM MH - Bacteria/genetics/*metabolism MH - CRISPR-Cas Systems/*physiology MH - DNA Repair/*physiology MH - DNA Replication/*physiology MH - DNA, Bacterial/*biosynthesis/genetics MH - Homologous Recombination/*physiology PMC - PMC5518543 OTO - NOTNLM OT - CRISPR OT - recombination OT - replication COIS- The authors declare that there are no competing interests associated with the manuscript. EDAT- 2017/07/05 06:00 MHDA- 2018/04/06 06:00 PMCR- 2017/07/17 CRDT- 2017/07/05 06:00 PHST- 2017/04/13 00:00 [received] PHST- 2017/06/26 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2017/07/03 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2017/07/05 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2018/04/06 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2017/07/05 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2017/07/17 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - BSR20160297 [pii] AID - 10.1042/BSR20160297 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Biosci Rep. 2017 Jul 16;37(4):BSR20160297. doi: 10.1042/BSR20160297. Print 2017 Aug 31.