PMID- 28688847
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20171102
LR  - 20181202
IS  - 1879-1298 (Electronic)
IS  - 0045-6535 (Linking)
VI  - 185
DP  - 2017 Oct
TI  - Pesticide residues in raw and processed maize grains and flour from selected 
      areas in Dar es Salaam and Ruvuma, Tanzania.
PG  - 137-144
LID - S0045-6535(17)31057-3 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.07.014 [doi]
AB  - This study investigated the levels of pesticide residues in maize grains and 
      flour and the effects of processing methods on their levels in maize products in 
      samples collected in Dar es Salaam and Ruvuma regions. Analysis of cleaned-up 
      extracts was done using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Twelve 
      pesticides were detected in maize grains and their highest concentrations were up 
      to 676.1, 11200 and 14 mug/kg for organochlorines, organophosphorous and 
      pyrethroid pesticides, respectively. In maize flour, eight pesticides were 
      detected and the concentrations for organochlorines, organophosphorous and 
      pyrethroid pesticides were up to 333.3, 2220 and 2 mug/kg, respectively. Only 
      dieldrin was detected in cooked samples at a concentration of 2 mug/kg. The 
      concentrations of p,p'-DDD, aldrin, dieldrin, chlorpyrifos and pirimiphos methyl 
      in some grains and flour samples exceeded the maximum residue limit (MRLs). The 
      findings indicate risks and concerns for public health. Processing methods were 
      found to cause transformation and reduction of the pesticides.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Mahugija, John Andrew Marco
AU  - Mahugija JAM
AD  - Chemistry Department, University of Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 35061, Dar es Salaam, 
      Tanzania. Electronic address: mahugija@udsm.ac.tz.
FAU - Kayombo, Auguster
AU  - Kayombo A
AD  - Chemistry Department, University of Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 35061, Dar es Salaam, 
      Tanzania.
FAU - Peter, Regina
AU  - Peter R
AD  - Chemistry Department, University of Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 35061, Dar es Salaam, 
      Tanzania.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20170704
PL  - England
TA  - Chemosphere
JT  - Chemosphere
JID - 0320657
RN  - 0 (Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated)
RN  - 0 (Pesticide Residues)
RN  - 0 (Pesticides)
RN  - OZE3CLY605 (Aldrin)
SB  - IM
MH  - Aldrin/analysis
MH  - *Environmental Monitoring
MH  - Flour/analysis
MH  - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
MH  - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/analysis
MH  - Pesticide Residues/*analysis
MH  - Pesticides/analysis
MH  - Tanzania
MH  - Zea mays/*chemistry
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Maize
OT  - Organochlorine
OT  - Organophosphorus
OT  - Pesticides
OT  - Pyrethroid
OT  - Tanzania
EDAT- 2017/07/10 06:00
MHDA- 2017/11/03 06:00
CRDT- 2017/07/10 06:00
PHST- 2017/04/25 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2017/07/02 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2017/07/03 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2017/07/10 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/11/03 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2017/07/10 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0045-6535(17)31057-3 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.07.014 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Chemosphere. 2017 Oct;185:137-144. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.07.014. Epub 
      2017 Jul 4.