PMID- 28692578
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20180507
LR  - 20240327
IS  - 1536-7312 (Electronic)
IS  - 0196-206X (Print)
IS  - 0196-206X (Linking)
VI  - 38
IP  - 7
DP  - 2017 Sep
TI  - Turning 1 Year of Age in a Low Socioeconomic Environment: A Portrait of 
      Disadvantage.
PG  - 493-500
LID - 10.1097/DBP.0000000000000469 [doi]
AB  - In the United States today, 16 million children are growing up poor. Few studies 
      report multiple environmental factors associated with poverty during the first 
      year of life and effects on infant development. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate maternal, 
      home, and neighborhood environment of low and higher socioeconomic status (SES) 
      infants from birth to 1 year and to evaluate the impact of SES and environment on 
      infant developmental outcome at 1 year. METHODS: Low (n = 30) and higher SES (n = 
      30) African-American mothers and their healthy term gestation female infants were 
      prospectively compared for environmental characteristics and infant developmental 
      outcome. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV (WAIS-IV); Beck Depression 
      Inventory; Perceived Stress Scale; Parenting Stress Index-Fourth Edition (PSI-4); 
      Social Support Scale; Home Observation Measurement of the Environment (HOME); 
      Household Food Insecurity (HFI); Concentrated Neighborhood Disadvantage (CND). 
      Bayley Scales of Infant Development Third Edition (BSID-III); Preschool Language 
      Scale (PLS-5). RESULTS: Environmental risk was greater for low compared with 
      higher SES: lower WAIS-IV (p < .001); higher PSI-4 total (p = .003); lower HOME 
      total and 3 subscales (p < .002); higher HFI (p = .012); and higher CND (p = 
      .027). Low SES infant outcomes differed from higher SES: lower BSID-III Cognitive 
      Composite (p = .005), PLS-5 Total Language (p </= .017), and Auditory Comprehension 
      (p </= .008). In regressions, after controlling for SES, effects of environmental 
      factors were not found. CONCLUSION: By age 1, low SES infants had been exposed to 
      greater environmental disadvantage and already exhibited poorer developmental 
      functioning than higher SES infants. These findings suggest that support for 
      families and children from impoverished circumstances cannot begin too early.
FAU - Hurt, Hallam
AU  - Hurt H
AD  - *Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of 
      Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; daggerPolicyLab, The Children's Hospital of 
      Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; double daggerPerelman School of Medicine, University of 
      Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
FAU - Betancourt, Laura M
AU  - Betancourt LM
LA  - eng
GR  - R21 HD072461/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Dev Behav Pediatr
JT  - Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics : JDBP
JID - 8006933
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Black or African American/ethnology
MH  - Child Development/*physiology
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Infant
MH  - Intelligence/*physiology
MH  - Mothers/*psychology
MH  - *Residence Characteristics
MH  - *Social Environment
MH  - *Socioeconomic Factors
MH  - Stress, Psychological/psychology
MH  - *Vulnerable Populations
PMC - PMC5603260
MID - NIHMS873591
COIS- CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT Each author of this manuscript declares that she 
      has no actual or potential conflict of interest including any financial, personal 
      or other relationships with other people or organizations within that could 
      inappropriately influence (bias) their work.
EDAT- 2017/07/12 06:00
MHDA- 2018/05/08 06:00
PMCR- 2018/09/01
CRDT- 2017/07/11 06:00
PHST- 2017/07/12 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/05/08 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2017/07/11 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2018/09/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1097/DBP.0000000000000469 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2017 Sep;38(7):493-500. doi: 10.1097/DBP.0000000000000469.