PMID- 28693595 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20170901 LR - 20240326 IS - 1472-6882 (Electronic) IS - 1472-6882 (Linking) VI - 17 IP - 1 DP - 2017 Jul 10 TI - Biochemical characterization and (1)H NMR based metabolomics revealed Melicope lunu-ankenda leaf extract a potent anti-diabetic agent in rats. PG - 359 LID - 10.1186/s12906-017-1849-2 [doi] LID - 359 AB - BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by continuous hyperglycemia associated with insulin resistance and /or reduced insulin secretion. There is an emerging trend regarding the use of medicinal plants for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Melicope lunu-ankenda (ML) is one of the Melicope species belonging to the family Rutaceae. In traditional medicines, its leaves and flowers are known to exhibit prodigious health benefits. The present study aimed at investigating anti-diabetic effect of Melicope lunu-ankenda (ML) leaves extract. METHODS: In this study, anti-diabetic effect of ML extract is investigated in vivo to evaluate the biochemical changes, potential serum biomarkers and alterations in metabolic pathways pertaining to the treatment of HFD/STZ induced diabetic rats with ML extract using (1)H NMR based metabolomics approach. Type 2 diabetic rats were treated with different doses (200 and 400 mg/kg BW) of Melicope lunu-ankenda leaf extract for 8 weeks, and serum samples were examined for clinical biochemistry. The metabolomics study of serum was also carried out using (1)H NMR spectroscopy in combination with multivariate data analysis to explore differentiating serum metabolites and altered metabolic pathways. RESULTS: The ML leaf extract (400 mg/kg BW) treatment significantly increased insulin level and insulin sensitivity of obese diabetic rats, with concomitant decrease in glucose level and insulin resistance. Significant reduction in total triglyceride, cholesterol and low density lipoprotein was also observed after treatment. Interestingly, there was a significant increase in high density lipoprotein of the treated rats. A decrease in renal injury markers and activities of liver enzymes was also observed. Moreover, metabolomics studies clearly demonstrated that, ML extract significantly ameliorated the disturbance in glucose metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle, lipid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism. CONCLUSION: ML leaf extract exhibits potent antidiabetic properties, hence could be a useful and affordable alternative option for the management of T2DM. FAU - Al-Zuaidy, Mizher Hezam AU - Al-Zuaidy MH AD - Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. AD - Ministry of Iraqi Trade, State Company for Grain Processing, Baghdad, Iraq. FAU - Mumtaz, Muhammad Waseem AU - Mumtaz MW AD - Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. AD - Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Punjab, 50700, Pakistan. FAU - Hamid, Azizah Abdul AU - Hamid AA AD - Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. azizahah@upm.edu.my. FAU - Ismail, Amin AU - Ismail A AD - Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. FAU - Mohamed, Suhaila AU - Mohamed S AD - Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. FAU - Razis, Ahmad Faizal Abdul AU - Razis AFA AD - Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. AD - Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. AD - Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20170710 PL - England TA - BMC Complement Altern Med JT - BMC complementary and alternative medicine JID - 101088661 RN - 0 (Blood Glucose) RN - 0 (Cholesterol, HDL) RN - 0 (Hypoglycemic Agents) RN - 0 (Insulin) RN - 0 (Lipids) RN - 0 (Plant Extracts) RN - 0 (Triglycerides) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Blood Glucose/*metabolism MH - Cholesterol, HDL/blood MH - Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/blood/*drug therapy/etiology MH - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood/drug therapy/etiology MH - Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology/*therapeutic use MH - Insulin/blood MH - *Insulin Resistance MH - Kidney/drug effects MH - Lipids/*blood MH - Liver/drug effects/enzymology MH - Male MH - Metabolomics MH - Obesity/complications MH - *Phytotherapy MH - Plant Extracts/pharmacology/therapeutic use MH - Plant Leaves MH - Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy MH - Rats, Sprague-Dawley MH - Rutaceae/*chemistry MH - Triglycerides/blood PMC - PMC5504847 OTO - NOTNLM OT - 1H Nmr OT - Anti-diabetic OT - Melicope lunu-ankenda extract OT - Metabolomics OT - Type 2 diabetes COIS- ETHICS APPROVAL: All animals were handled as per "international principle of the use and handling of experimental animals". The permission to conduct this study was obtained from ACUC (Animal Care and Use Committee), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UPM Malaysia ((UPM\IACUC\AUP-R002\2015). CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION: Not applicable. COMPETING INTERESTS: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. PUBLISHER'S NOTE: Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. EDAT- 2017/07/12 06:00 MHDA- 2017/09/02 06:00 PMCR- 2017/07/10 CRDT- 2017/07/12 06:00 PHST- 2017/01/15 00:00 [received] PHST- 2017/06/20 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2017/07/12 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2017/07/12 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2017/09/02 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2017/07/10 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.1186/s12906-017-1849-2 [pii] AID - 1849 [pii] AID - 10.1186/s12906-017-1849-2 [doi] PST - epublish SO - BMC Complement Altern Med. 2017 Jul 10;17(1):359. doi: 10.1186/s12906-017-1849-2.