PMID- 28711833
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
DCOM- 20180126
LR  - 20180126
IS  - 1873-3336 (Electronic)
IS  - 0304-3894 (Linking)
VI  - 340
DP  - 2017 Oct 15
TI  - Assessment of nanoparticles release into the environment during drilling of 
      carbon nanotubes/epoxy and carbon nanofibres/epoxy nanocomposites.
PG  - 57-66
LID - S0304-3894(17)30478-8 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.06.057 [doi]
AB  - The risk assessment, exposure and understanding of the release of embedded carbon 
      nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon nanofibers (CNFs) from commercial high performance 
      composites during machining processes are yet to be fully evaluated and 
      quantified. In this study, CNTs and CNFs were dispersed in epoxy matrix through 
      calendaring process to form nanocomposites. The automated drilling was carried 
      out in a specially designed drilling chamber that allowed elimination of 
      background noise from the measurements. Emission measurements were taken using 
      condensed particle counter (CPC), scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) and 
      DMS50 Fast Particulate Size Spectrometer. In comparison to the neat epoxy, the 
      study results revealed that the nano-filled samples produced an increase of 102% 
      and 227% for the EP/CNF and EP/CNT sample respectively in average particle number 
      concentration emission. The particle mass concentration indicated that the EP/CNT 
      and EP/CNF samples released demands a vital new perspective on CNTs and CNFs 
      embedded within nanocomposite materials to be considered and evaluated for 
      occupational exposure assessment. Importantly, the increased concentration 
      observed at 10nm aerosol particle sizes measurements strongly suggest that there 
      are independent CNTs being released at this range.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Starost, Kristof
AU  - Starost K
AD  - Centre for Advanced Engineering Materials, School of Engineering, Robert Gordon 
      University, Aberdeen, AB10 7GJ, United Kingdom.
FAU - Frijns, Evelien
AU  - Frijns E
AD  - VITO NV, Boeratang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium.
FAU - Van Laer, Jo
AU  - Van Laer J
AD  - VITO NV, Boeratang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium.
FAU - Faisal, Nadimul
AU  - Faisal N
AD  - Centre for Advanced Engineering Materials, School of Engineering, Robert Gordon 
      University, Aberdeen, AB10 7GJ, United Kingdom.
FAU - Egizabal, Ainhoa
AU  - Egizabal A
AD  - TECNALIA, Mikeletegi pasealekua, 2 E-20009, Donostia Spain.
FAU - Elizextea, Cristina
AU  - Elizextea C
AD  - TECNALIA, Mikeletegi pasealekua, 2 E-20009, Donostia Spain.
FAU - Blazquez, Maria
AU  - Blazquez M
AD  - INKOA SISTEMAS, SL. Ribera de Axpe 11, Edificio D1, Dpto 208. 48950, Erandio, 
      Bizkaia Spain.
FAU - Nelissen, Inge
AU  - Nelissen I
AD  - VITO NV, Boeratang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium.
FAU - Njuguna, James
AU  - Njuguna J
AD  - Centre for Advanced Engineering Materials, School of Engineering, Robert Gordon 
      University, Aberdeen, AB10 7GJ, United Kingdom. Electronic address: 
      j.njuguna@rgu.ac.uk.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20170627
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - J Hazard Mater
JT  - Journal of hazardous materials
JID - 9422688
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Carbon nanofibers
OT  - Carbon nanotubes
OT  - Drilling emissions
OT  - Nanoparticle release
EDAT- 2017/07/18 06:00
MHDA- 2017/07/18 06:01
CRDT- 2017/07/17 06:00
PHST- 2016/11/22 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2017/06/22 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2017/06/23 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2017/07/18 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/07/18 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2017/07/17 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0304-3894(17)30478-8 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.06.057 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Hazard Mater. 2017 Oct 15;340:57-66. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.06.057. Epub 
      2017 Jun 27.