PMID- 28716085 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20170901 LR - 20181202 IS - 1472-6882 (Electronic) IS - 1472-6882 (Linking) VI - 17 IP - 1 DP - 2017 Jul 17 TI - The protective effect of fermented Curcuma longa L. on memory dysfunction in oxidative stress-induced C6 gliomal cells, proinflammatory-activated BV2 microglial cells, and scopolamine-induced amnesia model in mice. PG - 367 LID - 10.1186/s12906-017-1880-3 [doi] LID - 367 AB - BACKGROUND: Curcuma longa L. is a well-known medicinal plant that has been used for its anti-cancer, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective effects. However, the neuroprotective effect of fermented C. longa (FCL) has not been reported. Therefore, in this study, the effectiveness of FCL for the regulation of memory dysfunction was investigated in two brain cell lines (rat glioma C6 and murine microglia BV2) and scopolamine-treated mice. METHODS: C. longa powder was fermented by 5% Lactobacillus plantarum K154 containing 2% (w/v) yeast extract at 30 degrees C for 72 h followed by sterilization at 121 degrees C for 15 min. The protective effects of fermented C. longa (FCL) on oxidative stress induced cell death were analyzed by MTT assay in C6 cells. The anti-inflammatory effects of FCL were investigated by measuring the production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) as well as the expression levels of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells. The step-through passive avoidance test, Morris water maze test, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, and expression of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) were employed to determine the effects of FCL on scopolamine-induced memory deficit in mice. The contents of curcuminoids were analyzed through LC/MS. RESULTS: Pretreatment with FCL effectively prevented the cell death induced by oxidative stress in C6 cells. Moreover, FCL inhibited the production NO and PGE(2) via the inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 expression in BV2 cells. FCL significantly attenuated scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice and prevented scopolamine-induced AChE activity in the hippocampus. Additionally, FCL reversed the reduction of CREB and BDNF expression. The curcuminoids content in FCL was 1.44%. CONCLUSION: FCL pretreatment could alleviate scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice, as well as oxidative stress and inflammation in C6 and BV2 cells, respectively. Thus, FCL might be a useful material for preventing impairment of learning and memory. FAU - Eun, Cheong-Su AU - Eun CS AD - Major in Food Science and Technology, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea. FAU - Lim, Jong-Soon AU - Lim JS AD - The Center for Traditional Microorganism Resources, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea. FAU - Lee, Jihye AU - Lee J AD - Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 38578, Republic of Korea. FAU - Lee, Sam-Pin AU - Lee SP AD - Major in Food Science and Technology, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea. AD - The Center for Traditional Microorganism Resources, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea. FAU - Yang, Seun-Ah AU - Yang SA AD - Major in Food Science and Technology, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea. seunahy@kmu.ac.kr. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20170717 PL - England TA - BMC Complement Altern Med JT - BMC complementary and alternative medicine JID - 101088661 RN - 0 (Anti-Inflammatory Agents) RN - 0 (Antioxidants) RN - 0 (Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor) RN - 0 (Creb1 protein, mouse) RN - 0 (Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein) RN - 0 (Inflammation Mediators) RN - 0 (Lipopolysaccharides) RN - 0 (Neuroprotective Agents) RN - 0 (Plant Extracts) RN - DL48G20X8X (Scopolamine) RN - EC 3.1.1.7 (Acetylcholinesterase) RN - IT942ZTH98 (Curcumin) SB - IM MH - Acetylcholinesterase/metabolism MH - Amnesia/chemically induced/*drug therapy/metabolism MH - Animals MH - Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use MH - Antioxidants/pharmacology/therapeutic use MH - Brain/*drug effects/metabolism MH - Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/metabolism MH - Cell Line MH - Curcuma/*chemistry MH - Curcumin/analysis/pharmacology/therapeutic use MH - Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein/metabolism MH - Fermentation MH - Inflammation/chemically induced/*drug therapy/metabolism MH - Inflammation Mediators/metabolism MH - Lipopolysaccharides MH - Male MH - Memory Disorders MH - Mice, Inbred ICR MH - Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology/*therapeutic use MH - Oxidative Stress/*drug effects MH - *Phytotherapy MH - Plant Extracts/chemistry/pharmacology/therapeutic use MH - Rats MH - Scopolamine PMC - PMC5514491 OTO - NOTNLM OT - BV2 microglial cells OT - C6 glioma cells OT - Fermented Curcuma longa L OT - Memory dysfunction OT - Scopolamine-induced amnesia model COIS- COMPETING INTEREST: The authors declare that there are no competing interest. ETHICS APPROVAL AND CONSENT TO PARTICIPATE: The institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Daegu Haany University approved the experiment protocol (DHU 2013-070) of this study. CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION: Not applicable. PUBLISHER'S NOTE: Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. EDAT- 2017/07/19 06:00 MHDA- 2017/09/02 06:00 PMCR- 2017/07/17 CRDT- 2017/07/19 06:00 PHST- 2016/07/28 00:00 [received] PHST- 2017/07/12 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2017/07/19 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2017/07/19 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2017/09/02 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2017/07/17 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.1186/s12906-017-1880-3 [pii] AID - 1880 [pii] AID - 10.1186/s12906-017-1880-3 [doi] PST - epublish SO - BMC Complement Altern Med. 2017 Jul 17;17(1):367. doi: 10.1186/s12906-017-1880-3.