PMID- 28735244
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20171228
LR  - 20181202
IS  - 1873-6424 (Electronic)
IS  - 0269-7491 (Linking)
VI  - 230
DP  - 2017 Nov
TI  - Legacy and novel brominated flame retardants in interior car dust - Implications 
      for human exposure.
PG  - 871-881
LID - S0269-7491(17)31780-3 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.07.032 [doi]
AB  - Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are organobromine compounds with an inhibitory 
      effect on combustion chemistry tending to reduce the flammability of products. 
      Concerns about health effects and environmental threats have led to phase-out or 
      restrictions in the use of Penta-, Octa- and Deca-BDE technical formulations, 
      increasing the demand for Novel BFRs (NBFRs) as replacements for the banned 
      formulations. This study examined the occurrence of legacy and NBFRs in the dust 
      from the interior of private cars in Thessaloniki, Greece, aged from 1 to 19 
      years with variable origin and characteristics. The determinants included 20 
      Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) (Di-to Deca-BDEs), four NBFRs such as 
      Decabromodiphenylethane (DBDPE), 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane (BTBPE), 
      2-ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate (TBB), and 
      bis(2-ethylhexyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrabromophthalate (TBPH), three isomers of 
      hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), and tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA). The 
      concentrations of  summation operator(20)PBDE ranged from 132 to 54,666 ng g(-1) being dominated by 
      BDE-209. The concentrations of  summation operator(4)NBFRs ranged from 48 to 7626 ng g(-1) and were 
      dominated by DBDPE, the major substitute of BDE-209. HBCDs ranged between <5 and 
      1745 ng g(-1), with alpha-HBCD being the most prevalent isomer Finally, the 
      concentrations of TBBPA varied from <10 to 1064 ng g(-1). The concentration 
      levels and composition profiles of BFRs were investigated in relation to the 
      characteristics of cars, such as year of manufacture, country of origin, and 
      interior equipment (type of car seats, electronic and electrical components, 
      ventilation, etc.). The average daily intakes of selected BFRs (BDE-47, BDE-99, 
      BDE-153, BDE-209, TBB, BTBPE, TBPH, DBDPE, HBCDs and TBBPA) via ingestion and 
      dermal absorption were estimated for adults and toddlers. The potential health 
      risk due to BFRs was found to be several orders of magnitude lower than their 
      corresponding reference dose (RfD) values.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Besis, Athanasios
AU  - Besis A
AD  - Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle 
      University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece. Electronic address: 
      athanasb@chem.auth.gr.
FAU - Christia, Christina
AU  - Christia C
AD  - Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle 
      University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; Toxicological Center, 
      University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk-Antwerpen, Belgium.
FAU - Poma, Giulia
AU  - Poma G
AD  - Toxicological Center, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 
      Wilrijk-Antwerpen, Belgium.
FAU - Covaci, Adrian
AU  - Covaci A
AD  - Toxicological Center, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 
      Wilrijk-Antwerpen, Belgium.
FAU - Samara, Constantini
AU  - Samara C
AD  - Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle 
      University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20170720
PL  - England
TA  - Environ Pollut
JT  - Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)
JID - 8804476
RN  - 0 (2,2',4,4',5-brominated diphenyl ether)
RN  - 0 (Bromobenzenes)
RN  - 0 (Dust)
RN  - 0 (Flame Retardants)
RN  - 0 (Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers)
RN  - 0 (Hydrocarbons, Brominated)
RN  - 0 (Polybrominated Biphenyls)
RN  - 0 (hexabrominated diphenyl ether 153)
RN  - 0N97R5X10X (2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether)
RN  - 34I00D6RNM (1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane)
RN  - 5I9835JO3M (hexabromocyclododecane)
RN  - FQI02RFC3A (tetrabromobisphenol A)
RN  - N80BQ29A0H (decabromobiphenyl ether)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis/*statistics & numerical data
MH  - Bromobenzenes/analysis
MH  - Dust/analysis
MH  - Environmental Exposure/*statistics & numerical data
MH  - Environmental Monitoring
MH  - Flame Retardants/*analysis
MH  - Greece
MH  - Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers/analysis
MH  - Halogenation
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hydrocarbons, Brominated/analysis
MH  - Polybrominated Biphenyls/analysis
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Brominated flame retardants (BFRs)
OT  - Cars
OT  - Human exposure
OT  - Indoor dust
EDAT- 2017/07/25 06:00
MHDA- 2017/12/29 06:00
CRDT- 2017/07/24 06:00
PHST- 2017/04/27 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2017/07/08 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2017/07/11 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2017/07/25 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/12/29 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2017/07/24 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0269-7491(17)31780-3 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.07.032 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Pollut. 2017 Nov;230:871-881. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.07.032. Epub 
      2017 Jul 20.