PMID- 28763658
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
DCOM- 20180309
LR  - 20180309
IS  - 1879-1026 (Electronic)
IS  - 0048-9697 (Linking)
VI  - 609
DP  - 2017 Dec 31
TI  - Relationship between land-use and sources and fate of nitrate in groundwater in a 
      typical recharge area of the North China Plain.
PG  - 607-620
LID - S0048-9697(17)31879-X [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.176 [doi]
AB  - Identification of different nitrate sources in groundwater is challenging in 
      areas with diverse land use and multiple potential inputs. An area with mixed 
      land-uses, typical of the piedmont-plain recharge area of the North China Plain, 
      was selected to investigate different nitrate sources and the impact of land use 
      on nitrate distribution in groundwater. Multiple environmental tracers were 
      examined, including major ions, stable isotopes of water (delta(2)H-H(2)O, 
      delta(18)O-H(2)O) and nitrate (delta(15)N-NO(3)(-) and delta(18)O-NO(3)(-)). Groundwater was 
      sampled from four land-use types; natural vegetation (NV), farmland (FL), 
      economic forestland (EF) and residential areas (RA). A mixing model using delta(18)O 
      and Cl(-) concentrations showed that groundwater recharge predominantly comprises 
      precipitation and lateral groundwater flow from areas of natural vegetation in 
      the upper catchment, while irrigation return water and wastewater from septic 
      tanks were major inputs in farmland and residential areas, respectively. Land use 
      variation is the major contributing factor to different nitrate concentrations. 
      In total, 80%, 49% and 86% of samples from RA, FL and EF, respectively exceeded 
      the WHO standard (50mg/L NO(3)(-)), compared to 6.9% of samples from NV. Isotopes 
      of delta(15)N-NO(3)(-) and delta(18)O-NO(3)(-) verified that nitrate in groundwater of 
      the NV (with delta(15)N ranging from 1.7 per thousand to 4.7 per thousand) was sourced from soil and 
      precipitation. Examination of delta(15)N-NO(3)(-) vs delta(18)O-NO(3)(-) values along 
      with multivariate statistical analysis (principle component and cluster analysis) 
      helped identify sources with overlapping isotopic values in other land-use areas 
      (where delta(15)N values range from 2.5 per thousand to 10.2 per thousand). Manure and septic waste were 
      dominant sources for most groundwater with high NO(3)(-) and Cl(-) concentrations 
      in both farmland and residential areas. The lack of de-nitrification and fact 
      that the area is a recharge zone for the North China Plain highlight the 
      importance of controlling nitrate sources through careful application of manure 
      and fertilizers, and control of septic leakage.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Wang, Shiqin
AU  - Wang S
AD  - Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Center for Agricultural Resources 
      Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of 
      Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China. Electronic address: sqwang@sjziam.ac.cn.
FAU - Zheng, Wenbo
AU  - Zheng W
AD  - Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Center for Agricultural Resources 
      Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of 
      Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 
      19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
FAU - Currell, Matthew
AU  - Currell M
AD  - School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne 3001, Australia.
FAU - Yang, Yonghui
AU  - Yang Y
AD  - Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Center for Agricultural Resources 
      Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of 
      Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China.
FAU - Zhao, Huan
AU  - Zhao H
AD  - Satellite Environment Center, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Beijing 
      100094, China.
FAU - Lv, Mengyu
AU  - Lv M
AD  - Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Center for Agricultural Resources 
      Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of 
      Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 
      19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20170727
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Sci Total Environ
JT  - The Science of the total environment
JID - 0330500
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Land-use
OT  - Multivariate statistical analysis
OT  - Nitrate in groundwater
OT  - Nitrate source
OT  - North China Plain
OT  - Stable isotopes
EDAT- 2017/08/02 06:00
MHDA- 2017/08/02 06:01
CRDT- 2017/08/02 06:00
PHST- 2016/12/23 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2017/07/20 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2017/07/20 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2017/08/02 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/08/02 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2017/08/02 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0048-9697(17)31879-X [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.176 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Sci Total Environ. 2017 Dec 31;609:607-620. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.176. 
      Epub 2017 Jul 27.