PMID- 28765775
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20200930
IS  - 1976-1457 (Print)
IS  - 2005-6168 (Electronic)
IS  - 1976-1457 (Linking)
VI  - 11
IP  - 4
DP  - 2017 Aug
TI  - Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 polymorphism interaction with spirulina 
      immunomodulatory effects in healthy Korean elderly: A 16 week, double-blind 
      randomized clinical trial.
PG  - 290-299
LID - 10.4162/nrp.2017.11.4.290 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Spirulina is a known a functional food related to lipid 
      profiles, immune functions, and antioxidant capacity. Circulating monocyte 
      chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) level is associated with inflammation markers. 
      Single nucleotide polymorphism in the MCP-1 promoter region -2518 have been 
      identified and shown to affect gene transcription. Gene variation may also impact 
      functional food supplementary effects. The current study investigated the 
      interaction of MCP-1 -2518 polymorphism with spirulina supplements on 
      anti-inflammatory capacity in Korean elderly. SUBJECTS/METHODS: After genotyping, 
      healthy elderly subjects (n = 78) were included in a randomized, double blind, 
      and placebo controlled study. Baseline characteristic, body composition, and 
      dietary intake were measured twice (baseline vs. week 16). For 16 weeks, subjects 
      consumed 8 g either spirulina or placebo daily. Plasma MCP-1, interleukin (IL) 
      -2, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, complement (C) 3, immunoglobulin (Ig) G, 
      and Ig A concentrations and lymphocyte proliferation rate (LPR) were analyzed as 
      inflammatory markers. RESULTS: In the placebo group with A/A genotype, MCP-1 
      level was significantly increased, but the spirulina group with A/A genotype was 
      unchanged. IL-2 was significantly increased only in subjects with spirulina 
      supplementation. TNF-alpha was significantly reduced in subjects with the G carrier. 
      C3 was significantly increased in the placebo group, particularly when A/A 
      increased more than G, but not when spirulina was ingested. LPR was significantly 
      different only in subjects with A/A genotype; there was a significant increase in 
      phytohemagglutinin and lipopolysaccharide induced LPR in the spirulina group. 
      CONCLUSION: In healthy Korean elderly, spirulina supplementation may influence 
      different inflammatory markers by the MCP-1 genotype. These results may be useful 
      for customized dietary guidelines to improve immune function in Koreans.
FAU - Park, Hee Jung
AU  - Park HJ
AD  - Department of Foods and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea.
FAU - Lee, Hyun Sook
AU  - Lee HS
AD  - Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dongseo University, 47 Jurye-ro, 
      Sasang-gu, Busan 47011, Korea.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20170609
PL  - Korea (South)
TA  - Nutr Res Pract
JT  - Nutrition research and practice
JID - 101311052
PMC - PMC5537538
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Spirulina
OT  - immune system
OT  - monocyte chemoattractant protein-1
OT  - single nucleotide polymorphism
COIS- CONFLICT OF INTEREST: The authors declare no potential conflicts of interests.
EDAT- 2017/08/03 06:00
MHDA- 2017/08/03 06:01
PMCR- 2017/08/01
CRDT- 2017/08/03 06:00
PHST- 2017/02/07 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2017/03/25 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2017/04/11 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2017/08/03 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2017/08/03 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/08/03 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2017/08/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.4162/nrp.2017.11.4.290 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Nutr Res Pract. 2017 Aug;11(4):290-299. doi: 10.4162/nrp.2017.11.4.290. Epub 2017 
      Jun 9.