PMID- 28777818
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20171010
LR  - 20181113
IS  - 1932-6203 (Electronic)
IS  - 1932-6203 (Linking)
VI  - 12
IP  - 8
DP  - 2017
TI  - Gluc-HET, a complementary chick embryo model for the characterization of 
      antidiabetic compounds.
PG  - e0182788
LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0182788 [doi]
LID - e0182788
AB  - Insulin resistance and beta cell failure are the main causes of elevated blood 
      glucose levels in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a complex and multifactorial 
      metabolic disease. Several medications to treat or reduce the symptoms of T2DM 
      are used, including the injection of insulin and the application of insulin 
      sensitizing or glucose production reducing drugs. Furthermore, the use of 
      phytochemicals has attracted increasing attention for the therapy and prevention 
      of T2DM. In order to identify and characterize antidiabetic compounds, efficient 
      test systems are required. Here we present a modified chick embryo model (hens 
      egg test, HET), which has originally been developed to determine the potential 
      irritancy of chemicals, as a versatile tool for the characterization of 
      phytochemicals with antidiabetic properties. We termed this modified assay 
      variation Gluc-HET. More precisely, we determined the influence of variations in 
      the incubation time of the fertilized eggs and studied the effects of different 
      buffer parameters, such as the temperature, composition and volume, used for drug 
      application. In addition, we tested several putative antidiabetic plant extracts, 
      which have been identified in an in-vitro primary screening procedure, for their 
      effectiveness in reducing blood glucose levels in-ovo. Taken together, our 
      Gluc-HET model has proven to be a reliable and manageable system for the 
      characterization of antidiabetic compounds.
FAU - Haselgrubler, Renate
AU  - Haselgrubler R
AD  - University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Wels, Austria.
FAU - Stubl, Flora
AU  - Stubl F
AD  - University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Wels, Austria.
FAU - Essl, Katja
AU  - Essl K
AD  - University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Wels, Austria.
FAU - Iken, Marcus
AU  - Iken M
AD  - PM International AG, Schengen, Luxembourg.
FAU - Schroder, Klaus
AU  - Schroder K
AD  - NP Life Science Technologies KG, Linz, Austria.
FAU - Weghuber, Julian
AU  - Weghuber J
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6312-4666
AD  - University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Wels, Austria.
AD  - Austrian Competence Center for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, 
      Wels, Austria.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20170804
PL  - United States
TA  - PLoS One
JT  - PloS one
JID - 101285081
RN  - 0 (Blood Glucose)
RN  - 0 (Hypoglycemic Agents)
RN  - 0 (Phytochemicals)
RN  - 0 (Plant Extracts)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Blood Glucose/analysis
MH  - Chick Embryo
MH  - Chickens
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/*drug therapy
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*drug therapy
MH  - Female
MH  - Hypoglycemic Agents/*pharmacology
MH  - Phytochemicals/*pharmacology
MH  - Plant Extracts/*pharmacology
PMC - PMC5544204
COIS- Competing Interests: We have the following interests: Klaus Schroder is employed 
      by NP Life Science Technologies KG. There are no patents, products in development 
      or marketed products to declare. This does not alter our adherence to all the 
      PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials, as detailed online in the guide 
      for authors.
EDAT- 2017/08/05 06:00
MHDA- 2017/10/11 06:00
PMCR- 2017/08/04
CRDT- 2017/08/05 06:00
PHST- 2017/06/10 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2017/07/24 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2017/08/05 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2017/08/05 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/10/11 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2017/08/04 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - PONE-D-17-20962 [pii]
AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0182788 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - PLoS One. 2017 Aug 4;12(8):e0182788. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182788. 
      eCollection 2017.