PMID- 28798492
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20210212
IS  - 0003-004X (Print)
IS  - 0003-004X (Linking)
VI  - 100
IP  - 4
DP  - 2015 Apr
TI  - The origin and implications of clay minerals from Yellowknife Bay, Gale crater, 
      Mars.
PG  - 824-836
LID - 10.2138/am-2015-5077CCBYNCND [doi]
AB  - The Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) rover Curiosity has documented a section of 
      fluvio-lacustrine strata at Yellowknife Bay (YKB), an embayment on the floor of 
      Gale crater, approximately 500 m east of the Bradbury landing site. X-ray 
      diffraction (XRD) data and evolved gas analysis (EGA) data from the CheMin and 
      SAM instruments show that two powdered mudstone samples (named John Klein and 
      Cumberland) drilled from the Sheepbed member of this succession contain up to ~20 
      wt% clay minerals. A trioctahedral smectite, likely a ferrian saponite, is the 
      only clay mineral phase detected in these samples. Smectites of the two samples 
      exhibit different 001 spacing under the low partial pressures of H(2)O inside the 
      CheMin instrument (relative humidity <1%). Smectite interlayers in John Klein 
      collapsed sometime between clay mineral formation and the time of analysis to a 
      basal spacing of 10 A, but largely remain open in the Cumberland sample with a 
      basal spacing of ~13.2 A. Partial intercalation of Cumberland smectites by 
      metal-hydroxyl groups, a common process in certain pedogenic and lacustrine 
      settings on Earth, is our favored explanation for these differences. The 
      relatively low abundances of olivine and enriched levels of magnetite in the 
      Sheepbed mudstone, when compared with regional basalt compositions derived from 
      orbital data, suggest that clay minerals formed with magnetite in situ via 
      aqueous alteration of olivine. Mass-balance calculations are permissive of such a 
      reaction. Moreover, the Sheepbed mudstone mineral assemblage is consistent with 
      minimal inputs of detrital clay minerals from the crater walls and rim. Early 
      diagenetic fabrics suggest clay mineral formation prior to lithification. 
      Thermodynamic modeling indicates that the production of authigenic magnetite and 
      saponite at surficial temperatures requires a moderate supply of oxidants, 
      allowing circum-neutral pH. The kinetics of olivine alteration suggest the 
      presence of fluids for thousands to hundreds of thousands of years. Mineralogical 
      evidence of the persistence of benign aqueous conditions at YKB for extended 
      periods indicates a potentially habitable environment where life could establish 
      itself. Mediated oxidation of Fe(2+) in olivine to Fe(3+) in magnetite, and 
      perhaps in smectites provided a potential energy source for organisms.
FAU - Bristow, Thomas F
AU  - Bristow TF
AD  - Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, 
      U.S.A.
FAU - Bish, David L
AU  - Bish DL
AD  - Department of Geological Sciences, Indiana University, 1001 East Tenth Street, 
      Bloomington, Indiana, 47405, U.S.A.
FAU - Vaniman, David T
AU  - Vaniman DT
AD  - Planetary Science Institute, 1700 E. Fort Lowell, Tucson, Arizona 85719-2395, 
      U.S.A.
FAU - Morris, Richard V
AU  - Morris RV
AD  - ARES Division, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas 77058, U.S.A.
FAU - Blake, David F
AU  - Blake DF
AD  - Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, 
      U.S.A.
FAU - Grotzinger, John P
AU  - Grotzinger JP
AD  - Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of 
      Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, U.S.A.
FAU - Rampe, Elizabeth B
AU  - Rampe EB
AD  - ARES Division, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas 77058, U.S.A.
FAU - Crisp, Joy A
AU  - Crisp JA
AD  - Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove 
      Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, U.S.A.
FAU - Achilles, Cherie N
AU  - Achilles CN
AD  - Department of Geological Sciences, Indiana University, 1001 East Tenth Street, 
      Bloomington, Indiana, 47405, U.S.A.
FAU - Ming, Doug W
AU  - Ming DW
AD  - ARES Division, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas 77058, U.S.A.
FAU - Ehlmann, Bethany L
AU  - Ehlmann BL
AD  - Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of 
      Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, U.S.A.
AD  - Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove 
      Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, U.S.A.
FAU - King, Penelope L
AU  - King PL
AD  - Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 
      0200, Australia.
AD  - Department of Physics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada.
FAU - Bridges, John C
AU  - Bridges JC
AD  - Space Research Center, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, U.K.
FAU - Eigenbrode, Jennifer L
AU  - Eigenbrode JL
AD  - NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, U.S.A.
FAU - Sumner, Dawn Y
AU  - Sumner DY
AD  - Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Davis, 
      California 95616, U.S.A.
FAU - Chipera, Steve J
AU  - Chipera SJ
AD  - Chesapeake Energy Corporation, 6100 N. Western Avenue, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 
      73118, U.S.A.
FAU - Moorokian, John Michael
AU  - Moorokian JM
AD  - Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove 
      Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, U.S.A.
FAU - Treiman, Allan H
AU  - Treiman AH
AD  - Lunar and Planetary Institute, 3600 Bay Area Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77058, 
      U.S.A.
FAU - Morrison, Shaunna M
AU  - Morrison SM
AD  - Department of Geology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, U.S.A.
FAU - Downs, Robert T
AU  - Downs RT
AD  - Department of Geology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, U.S.A.
FAU - Farmer, Jack D
AU  - Farmer JD
AD  - Department of Geological Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 
      85281, U.S.A.
FAU - Marais, David Des
AU  - Marais DD
AD  - Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, 
      U.S.A.
FAU - Sarrazin, Philippe
AU  - Sarrazin P
AD  - SETI Institute, Mountain View, California 94043, U.S.A.
FAU - Floyd, Melissa M
AU  - Floyd MM
AD  - NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, U.S.A.
FAU - Mischna, Michael A
AU  - Mischna MA
AD  - Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove 
      Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, U.S.A.
FAU - McAdam, Amy C
AU  - McAdam AC
AD  - NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, U.S.A.
LA  - eng
GR  - Ames Research Center NASA/United States
GR  - Science Planetary Science NASA/United States
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20150401
PL  - United States
TA  - Am Mineral
JT  - The American mineralogist
JID - 100955483
PMC - PMC5548523
MID - NIHMS815346
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - CheMin
OT  - Mars
OT  - XRD
OT  - Yellowknife Bay
OT  - clay minerals
OT  - habitability
EDAT- 2015/04/01 00:00
MHDA- 2015/04/01 00:01
PMCR- 2017/08/08
CRDT- 2017/08/12 06:00
PHST- 2017/08/12 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/04/01 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/04/01 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 2017/08/08 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.2138/am-2015-5077CCBYNCND [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Am Mineral. 2015 Apr;100(4):824-836. doi: 10.2138/am-2015-5077CCBYNCND. Epub 2015 
      Apr 1.