PMID- 28801550
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
DCOM- 20190215
LR  - 20190215
IS  - 2045-2322 (Electronic)
IS  - 2045-2322 (Linking)
VI  - 7
IP  - 1
DP  - 2017 Aug 11
TI  - Active neutron and gamma-ray imaging of highly enriched uranium for treaty 
      verification.
PG  - 7997
LID - 10.1038/s41598-017-08253-x [doi]
LID - 7997
AB  - The detection and characterization of highly enriched uranium (HEU) presents a 
      large challenge in the non-proliferation field. HEU has a low neutron emission 
      rate and most gamma rays are low energy and easily shielded. To address this 
      challenge, an instrument known as the dual-particle imager (DPI) was used with a 
      portable deuterium-tritium (DT) neutron generator to detect neutrons and gamma 
      rays from induced fission in HEU. We evaluated system response using a 13.7-kg 
      HEU sphere in several configurations with no moderation, high-density 
      polyethylene (HDPE) moderation, and tungsten moderation. A hollow tungsten sphere 
      was interrogated to evaluate the response to a possible hoax item. First, 
      localization capabilities were demonstrated by reconstructing neutron and 
      gamma-ray images. Once localized, additional properties such as fast neutron 
      energy spectra and time-dependent neutron count rates were attributed to the 
      items. For the interrogated configurations containing HEU, the reconstructed 
      neutron spectra resembled Watt spectra, which gave confidence that the 
      interrogated items were undergoing induced fission. The time-dependent neutron 
      count rate was also compared for each configuration and shown to be dependent on 
      the neutron multiplication of the item. This result showed that the DPI is a 
      viable tool for localizing and confirming fissile mass and multiplication.
FAU - Hamel, Michael C
AU  - Hamel MC
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4293-1685
AD  - Department of Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences, University of 
      Michigan, 2355 Bonisteel Blvd., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA. mchamel@umich.edu.
FAU - Polack, J Kyle
AU  - Polack JK
AD  - Department of Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences, University of 
      Michigan, 2355 Bonisteel Blvd., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
FAU - Ruch, Marc L
AU  - Ruch ML
AD  - Department of Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences, University of 
      Michigan, 2355 Bonisteel Blvd., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
FAU - Marcath, Matthew J
AU  - Marcath MJ
AD  - Department of Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences, University of 
      Michigan, 2355 Bonisteel Blvd., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
FAU - Clarke, Shaun D
AU  - Clarke SD
AD  - Department of Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences, University of 
      Michigan, 2355 Bonisteel Blvd., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
FAU - Pozzi, Sara A
AU  - Pozzi SA
AD  - Department of Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences, University of 
      Michigan, 2355 Bonisteel Blvd., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
DEP - 20170811
PL  - England
TA  - Sci Rep
JT  - Scientific reports
JID - 101563288
EIN - Sci Rep. 2018 Oct 3;8(1):14986. PMID: 30279557
PMC - PMC5554294
COIS- The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
EDAT- 2017/08/13 06:00
MHDA- 2017/08/13 06:01
PMCR- 2017/08/11
CRDT- 2017/08/13 06:00
PHST- 2017/04/13 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2017/07/10 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2017/08/13 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2017/08/13 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/08/13 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2017/08/11 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1038/s41598-017-08253-x [pii]
AID - 8253 [pii]
AID - 10.1038/s41598-017-08253-x [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Sci Rep. 2017 Aug 11;7(1):7997. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-08253-x.